ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant risks during pregnancy for both mother and fetus. Adherence to oral antidiabetic medications, like glibenclamide (GB), can be challenging, necessitating novel drug delivery methods. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) offer a promising approach by efficiently permeating the skin due to their small size and lipid-based composition. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and evaluate transdermal patches loaded with glibenclamide NLCs to treat GDM. METHODS: Glibenclamide NLCs were prepared using hot homogenization with ultrasonication and melt dispersion method. A central composite design was utilized to optimize the formulations. Transdermal patches containing optimized NLCs were developed using HPMC K 100 and Eudragit L polymers. The patches were evaluated for various parameters, and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were carried out to assess their safety and efficacy. RESULTS: Optimized NLCs efficiently permeated rat skin. Cell viability studies indicated the non- toxicity of the formulations. NLC-loaded transdermal patches (F2 and F7) showed drug release of 1098 µg/cm2 and 1001.83 µg/cm2 in 24 h, with a 2.5-fold higher flux and permeation coefficient than the GB patch. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed Tmax of 8 and 10 h and Cmax of 7127 ng/ml and 7960 ng/ml for F2 and F7, respectively, ensuring sustained drug action. AUC0-α was 625681 ng/ml·h and 363625 ng/ml·h for F2 and F7, respectively, indicating improved bioavailability. CONCLUSION: Transdermal patches incorporating NLCs hold promise for enhancing glibenclamide's therapeutic efficacy in GDM treatment. Improved skin permeation, sustained drug release, and enhanced bioavailability make NLC-based transdermal patches a potential alternative with better patient compliance.
ABSTRACT
An eight-year-old male child presenting with history of generalized convulsions, gradual loss of speech and generalized EEG (electroencephalography) abnormalities was diagnosed as Landau Kleffner Syndrome. He initially developed generalized convulsions which later changed to partial seizures during the course of illness. He was started on sodium valproate and continued with the drug (30 mg/kg/day) on which, he showed improvement in speech, behavior, hyperkinesis and frequency of convulsions during the follow-up.
Subject(s)
Electroencephalography , Landau-Kleffner Syndrome/diagnosis , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Landau-Kleffner Syndrome/drug therapy , Male , Valproic Acid/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Brain Diseases/genetics , Brain/abnormalities , Cysts/genetics , Adolescent , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Cortex/abnormalities , Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Ventricles/abnormalities , Child , Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Female , Hemiplegia/diagnostic imaging , Hemiplegia/genetics , Humans , Intellectual Disability/diagnostic imaging , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Male , Neurologic Examination , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea is rare. Its occurence in a 14-year-old boy is reported here. This case illustrates the typical course of tracheal tumors with clinical manifestations of cough, wheezing, and hemoptysis, the intially reported normal chest roentgenogram, and the common failure to diagnose tracheal tumor for several months. Early use of tomographic studies and bronchoscopic examination in any person with recent onset of airway obstruction unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy is recommended.
