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1.
J Family Med Prim Care ; 12(8): 1516-1524, 2023 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37767445

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Universal maternal health coverage (UHC) envisages access to quality healthcare services by pregnant and lactating women without any financial hardship. Our present study attempts to assess the UHC for maternal health services and their determinants, including access to quality antenatal care (ANC), quality postnatal care (PNC), and child immunization among the marginalized populations of India. Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study across five states of India among pregnant or lactating women. Quality ANC score was calculated using four indicators, including ANC registration month, attendance of four or more ANC visits, receiving at least one tetanus toxoid injection, and consumption of 100 iron-folic acid (IFA) tablets. Similarly, quality PNC care score was calculated using four indicators, including PNC within 48 h, breastfeeding initiation time, institutional delivery, and accessing conditional maternity benefit scheme. Logistic or generalized linear regression was used to depict associations depending on the outcome variables. Results: A total of 12,976 pregnant women's and 18,061 lactating mothers' data were analyzed. Illiterate women, women from below the poverty line, and rural areas had low-quality ANC and PNC scores compared with their counterparts. Marginalized women had lower odds of immunization of children and lower quality PNC scores than nonmarginalized. Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors, such as caste, education of women, area of residence, and economic status, are major determinants of quality ANC and PNC scores and immunization of children. Hence, interventionists ought to design community-based interventions that address the challenges in the uptake of health services.

2.
Chem Sci ; 14(26): 7161-7169, 2023 Jul 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37416708

ABSTRACT

Lead (Pb)-free layered double perovskites (LDPs) with exciting optical properties and environmental stability have sparked attention in optoelectronics, but their high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield and understanding of the PL blinking phenomenon at the single particle level are still elusive. Herein, we not only demonstrate a hot-injection route for the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) ∼2-3 layer thick nanosheets (NSs) of LDP, Cs4CdBi2Cl12 (pristine), and its partially Mn-substituted analogue [i.e., Cs4Cd0.6Mn0.4Bi2Cl12 (Mn-substituted)], but also present a solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of these samples as bulk powders. Bright and intense orange emission has been perceived for partially Mn-substituted 2D NSs with a relatively high PL quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼21%. The PL and lifetime measurements both at cryogenic (77 K) and room temperatures were employed to understand the de-excitation pathways of charge carriers. With the implementation of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy and time-resolved single particle tracking, we identified the occurrence of metastable non-radiative recombination channels in a single NS. In contrast to the rapid photo-bleaching that resulted in a PL blinking-like nature of the controlled pristine NS, the 2D NS of the Mn-substituted sample displayed negligible photo-bleaching with suppression of PL fluctuation under continuous illumination. The blinking-like nature in pristine NSs appeared due to a dynamic equilibrium flanked by the active and in-active states of metastable non-radiative channels. However, the partial substitution of Mn2+ stabilized the in-active state of the non-radiative channels, which increased the PLQY and suppressed PL fluctuation and photo-bleaching events in Mn-substituted NSs.

3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37165491

ABSTRACT

As a result of current therapeutic interventions and the progressive nature of diseases, a variety of side effects have emerged, prompting patients to seek alternative treatment. The role of medicinal plants in such situations has been advantageous due to their manifestation through various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase enzyme is suspected to be a highly effective treatment for various neurological illnesses like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, social phobia, and panic disorders. The study of phytochemicals and plant extracts used as a traditional source of medication revealed that they possess vast potential for monoamine oxidase inhibition. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential of plant extracts and their chemicals to inhibit monoamine oxidase enzymes. This communication mentions a number of potential plant species and phytoconstituents as monoamine oxidase inhibitors which can be further developed for the treatment of various neurological disorders.

4.
Chem Biol Drug Des ; 102(3): 587-605, 2023 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37070386

ABSTRACT

Twenty different infectious disorders induced by bacteria, viruses, and parasites are categorized as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by WHO. The severity of chagas disease remains a major concern in endemic areas and an emerging public health hazard in nonendemic countries. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of this NTD, is mostly transmitted by triatomine vectors and comprises a range of epidemiologically significant variants. Current chemotherapeutics are obsolete, and one of the primary reasons for treatment cessation is their poor safety and effectiveness. Due to the aforementioned challenges, researchers are now focusing on discovering alternative novel safe, and economically reachable therapies for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Certain target-based drugs that target specific biochemical processes of the causative parasites have been described as potential antichagasic agents that possesses various types of heterocyclic scaffolds. These flexible molecules have a wide range of biological actions, and various synthesized compounds with strong activity have been documented. This review aims to discuss the available literature on synthetic anti-T. cruzi drugs that will give a food for thought to medicinal chemists thriving to design and develop such drugs. Furthermore, some of the studies discussed herein are concerned with the potential of novel drugs to block new viable sites in T. cruzi.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Trypanocidal Agents , Trypanosoma cruzi , Humans , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Trypanocidal Agents/chemistry , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Drug Delivery Systems
5.
Mol Neurobiol ; 60(6): 3086-3099, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36797545

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have demonstrated an inverse link between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with data suggesting that people with Alzheimer's have a decreased risk of cancer and vice versa. Although other studies have investigated mechanisms to explain this relationship, the connection between these two diseases remains largely unexplained. Processes seen in cancer, such as decreased apoptosis and increased cell proliferation, seem to be reversed in AD. Given the need for effective therapeutic strategies for AD, comparisons with cancer could yield valuable insights into the disease process and perhaps result in new treatments. Here, through a review of existing literature, we compared the expressions of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis to establish a genetic basis for the reciprocal association between AD and cancer. We discuss an array of genes involved in the aforementioned processes, their relevance to both diseases, and how changes in those genes produce varying effects in either disease.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Neoplasms , Humans , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Immunogenetics , Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasms/metabolism
6.
Adv Mater ; 34(40): e2203725, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36028167

ABSTRACT

Single crystals of SnSe have gained considerable attention in thermoelectrics due to their unprecedented thermoelectric performance. However, polycrystalline SnSe is more favorable for practical applications due to its facile chemical synthesis procedure, processability, and scalability. Though the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of p-type bulk SnSe polycrystals has reached >2.5, zT of n-type counterpart is still lower and lies around ≈1.5. Herein, record high zT of 2.0 in n-type polycrystalline SnSe0.92  + x mol% MoCl5 (x = 0-3) samples is reported, when measured parallel to the spark plasma sintering pressing direction due to the simultaneous optimization of n-type carrier concentration and enhanced phonon scattering by incorporating modular nano-heterostructures in SnSe matrix. Modular nanostructures of layered intergrowth [(SnSe)1.05 ]m (MoSe2 )n like compounds embedded in SnSe matrix scatters the phonons significantly leading to an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity (κlat ) of ≈0.26 W m-1 K-1 at 798 K in SnSe0.92  + 3 mol% MoCl5 . The 2D layered modular intergrowth compound resembles the nano-heterostructure and their periodicity of 1.2-2.6 nm in the SnSe matrix matches the phonon mean free path of SnSe, thereby blocking the heat carrying phonons, which result in low κlat and ultra-high thermoelectric performance in n-type SnSe.

7.
Chem Biol Drug Des ; 100(3): 346-363, 2022 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35610776

ABSTRACT

Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) exhibit multifaceted biological properties, wherein antimicrobial, anticancer, antitrypanosomal, and anti-inflammatory properties are included. Because of their various activities in clinical practice and research, they have a wide spectrum of uses and possibilities. QdNOs have received a significant amount of attention, and research into their medicinal chemistry is still a part of experimental investigation and analytical studies. In this review, QdNOs are classified depending on their actions, which include antibacterial and anti-mycobacterial, anticancer or antitumor, antimalarial, antifungal, and other activities. In a conclusion, it's important to base the development of novel synthetic techniques and the design of new QdNO derivatives on the most up-to-date knowledge gleaned from recent research. With the summarised structure-activity relationship of fascinating QdNOs, this review aims to provide insights into the developments in the chemistry and biological activity of QdNO derivatives.


Subject(s)
Oxides , Quinoxalines , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Quinoxalines/chemistry , Quinoxalines/pharmacology
8.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc ; 2021: 2993-2996, 2021 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34891874

ABSTRACT

TRUS-MR fusion guided biopsy highly depends on the quality of alignment between pre-operative Magnetic Resonance (MR) image and live trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) image during biopsy. Lot of factors influence the alignment of prostate during the biopsy like rigid motion due to patient movement and deformation of the prostate due to probe pressure. For MR-TRUS alignment during live procedure, the efficiency of the algorithm and accuracy plays an important role. In this paper, we have designed a comprehensive framework for fusion based biopsy using an end-to-end deep learning network for performing both rigid and deformation correction. Both rigid and deformation correction in one single network helps in reducing the computation time required for live TRUS-MR alignment. We have used 6500 images from 34 subjects for conducting this study. Our proposed registration pipeline provides Target Registration Error (TRE) of 2.51 mm after rigid and deformation correction on unseen patient dataset. In addition, with a total computation time of 70ms, we are able to achieve a rendering rate of 14 frames per second (FPS) that makes our network well suited for live procedures.Clinical Relevance- It is shown in the literature that systematic biopsy is the standard method for biopsy sampling in prostate that has high false negative rates. TRUS-MR fusion guided biopsy reduces the false negative rate of the sampling in prostate biopsy. Therefore, a live TRUS-MR fusion framework is helpful for prostate biopsy clinical procedures.


Subject(s)
Deep Learning , Prostatic Neoplasms , Humans , Image-Guided Biopsy , Male , Prostate/diagnostic imaging , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography
9.
Am J Cardiol ; 108(9): 1283-8, 2011 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21855829

ABSTRACT

Almost 50% of patients with congestive heart failure (HF) have preserved ejection fraction (PEF). Data on the effect of HF-PEF on atrial fibrillation outcomes are lacking. We assessed the prognostic significance of HF-PEF in an atrial fibrillation population compared to a systolic heart failure (SHF) population. A post hoc analysis of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-limited access data set of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) trial was carried out. The patients with a history of congestive HF and a preserved ejection fraction (EF >50%) were classified as having HF-PEF (n = 320). The patients with congestive HF and a qualitatively depressed EF (EF <50%) were classified as having SHF (n = 402). Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed. The mean follow-up duration was 1,181 ± 534 days/patient. The patients with HF-PEF had lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46 to 0.85, p = 0.003) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.84, p = 0.006), with a possible decreased arrhythmic end point (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.006, p = 0.052) than did the patients with SHF. No differences were observed for ischemic stroke (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.48 to 2.39, p = 0.86), rehospitalization (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.07, p = 0.24), or progression to New York Heart Association class III-IV (odds ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.54, p = 0.522). In conclusion, although patients with HF-PEF have better mortality outcomes than those with SHF, the morbidity appears to be similar.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Stroke Volume , Age Factors , Aged , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Patient Readmission , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sex Factors , Stroke/epidemiology , United States/epidemiology , Warfarin/therapeutic use
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