ABSTRACT
In order to cure a range of ailments, scientists have investigated a number of bioactive antioxidant compounds produced from natural sources. Mangiferin, a C-glycosyl xanthone-structured yellow polyphenol, is abundant in mangoes and other dietary sources. In-depth examinations found that it is effective in the treatment of a variety of disorders due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antigenotoxic, antiatherogenic, radioprotective, nephroprotective, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic properties. However, it is recognised that mangiferin's poor bioavailability, volatility, and limited solubility restrict its therapeutic usefulness. Over time, effective solutions to these problems have arisen in the shape of effective delivery methods. The current articles present a summary of the several researches that have updated Mangiferin's biopharmaceutical characteristics. Additionally, strategies for enhancing the bioavailability, stability, and solubility of this phytodrug have been discussed. This review provides detailed information on the development of innovative Mangiferin delivery methods such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, niosomes, microspheres, metal nanoparticles, and complexation, as well as its therapeutic applications in a variety of sectors. This article provides effective guidance for researchers who desire to work on the formulation and development of an effective delivery method for improved magniferin therapeutic effectiveness.
ABSTRACT
ß-Cyclodextrin/ibuprofen inclusion complex was synthesized by freeze-drying method and characterized for phase solubility profiles, infrared spectra, thermal analysis, and X-ray powder diffractograms. The inclusion complex with HP-ß-CD, as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, enhanced the aqueous solubility of ibuprofen by almost 30-fold compared to ibuprofen alone. Different grades of Carbopol (Carbopol 934P/Carbopol 974P/Carbopol 980 NF/Carbopol Ultrez 10 NF) and cellulose derivatives (HPMC K100M/HPMC K15M/HPMC K4M/HPMC E15LV/HPC) were evaluated for mucoadhesive gels incorporating the inclusion complex. The central composite design generated by Design-Expert was employed to optimize the mucoadhesive gel using two independent variables (a varying combination of two gelling agents) on three dependent variables (drug content and in vitro drug release at 6 h and 12 h). Except for the methylcellulose-based gels, most of the gels (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% alone or as a mixture thereof) exhibited an extended-release of ibuprofen, ranging from 40 to 74% over 24 h and followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model. Using this test design, 0.95% Carbopol 934P and 0.55% HPC-L formulations were optimized to increase ibuprofen release, enhance mucoadhesion, and be non-irritating in ex vivo chorioallantoic membrane studies. The present study successfully developed a mucoadhesive gel containing the ibuprofen-ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with sustained release.
Subject(s)
Ibuprofen , beta-Cyclodextrins , Research Design , Solubility , GelsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Withania somnifera (family solanaceae) is a well-investigated medicinal plant which is also called Indian ginseng due to its wide spectrum of medicinal properties. The contents and activity of the plant may vary depending on the habitat and part of the plant and the solvent used for extraction. The present study deals with the comparative chemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic fruits extracts and its subfractions (in ethyl acetate, butanol and water) of W. somnifera collected from two different geographical locations. METHODS: In the present study, Withania somnifera fruits were collected from two different geographical locations (Uttarakhand and Rajasthan). The different fruit extracts were prepared and studied for total phenolic contents and total flavone contents. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and peroxide scavenging assay. RESULTS: Methanol extract of W. somnifera Uttarakhand and ethyl acetate subfraction of W. somnifera Rajasthan showed the highest amount of Total Phenolic Contents (TPC). In W. somnifera Uttarakhand, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest amount of Total flavonoids while in W. somnifera Rajasthan, methanol extract was found to be the richest in flavonoids. Methanolic extract of W. somnifera Uttarakhand showed the highest free radical scavenging activity while in W. somnifera Rajasthan, the highest antioxidant activity was shown by the methanolic extract followed by butanolic extract, water extract and then ethyl acetate. In the peroxide scavenging assay of antioxidant activity, water extract of W. somnifera Uttarakhand showed the highest activity, while in W. somnifera Rajasthan, ethyl acetate extract showed highest scavenging activity. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the geographical location exerts a vital effect on the presence of active constituents and also on the antioxidant potential of W. somnifera.
