Adoption of direct-acting antiviral medications for hepatitis C: a retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 3.5 million Americans are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although many patients with HCV are asymptomatic, HCV is the leading cause of infection-related death in the U.S. With advances in curative medication therapy for HCV, many of these deaths are preventable. Access to innovative therapies may be unevenly distributed. Our objective was to describe medication prescribers' adoption of innovative HCV pharmacotherapy across prescriber, geographical location, and time. METHODS: This is a retrospective, secondary data analysis among a national cohort of patients prescribed direct-acting antiviral HCV medications with curative intent. We assessed prescriptions by time, geographic location, and provider type. RESULTS: The peak of the adoption rate occurred within 45 days; nearly one-sixth of all prescribers had already prescribed one of the new drugs. Geographical regions (Midwest, South, and West all p ≥ 0.05) nor gender (p = 0.455) of a prescriber impacted adoption. Similarly, patient income did not influence the likelihood of a prescriber to adopt the new drugs earlier (p = 0.175). Gastroenterologists or hepatologists were more likely earlier adopters compared to primary care physicians (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the relative advantage of newer therapies, we anticipated that there would be an initial surge as early adopters prescribed the new medications and use would dwindle over time as the initial HCV cohort was cured. The data demonstrate that our hypothesis is essentially supported. There is a reduction in prescriptions at approximately 5 months post-approval and treatment is typically required for 3 months. There has been a surge in clinicians' adoption of innovative HCV treatments. As patients are cured of their infection, we anticipate a decreased need for chronic management of HCV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

Measuring non-administration of ordered medications in the pediatric inpatient setting.

OBJECTIVE: Medication compliance in inpatient settings shows some significant gaps for adult patients. In pediatric settings prescribing and other administration errors have been studied but missed doses have not been specifically studied in the pediatric inpatient setting. We intended to apply health information technology and data processing methods to study the medication compliance for pediatric patients at our institution. STUDY DESIGN: We collected medication ordering, dispensing, and administration data spanning 42 months (7/1/2010 through 12/31/2013) for pediatric inpatients admitted to a major tertiary pediatric hospital. We analyzed the orders for which either the corresponding administration record was missing or the records indicated non-administration. RESULTS: There were only 596 medication orders without corresponding administration records, accounting for less than 0.05% of 1.6 Million orders for 56,000 patients. There were 40,999 orders with corresponding administration records indicating non-administration (or less than 3% of all orders). Overall order compliance of the nursing staff was 97.35%, with another 2.6% of orders having a documented reason for non-administration The top two medication classes comprising the missed and non-administered orders were "Alimentary tract and metabolism drugs" and "Nervous system drugs". CONCLUSION: Measurement of medication compliance is an important quality measure of patient safety and quality of care. Our study found a small proportion of non-administered medication orders and discovered corresponding reasons illustrating how health information technology can help to measure the quality of the medication process from ordering and dispensing to administration at a major healthcare institution.

Code status and resuscitation options in the electronic health record.

AIM: The advance discussion and documentation of code-status is important in preventing undesired cardiopulmonary resuscitation and related end of life interventions. Code-status documentation remains infrequent and paper-based, which limits its usefulness. This study evaluates a tool to document code-status in the electronic health records at a large teaching hospital, and analyzes the corresponding data. METHODS: Encounter data for patients admitted to the Medical Center were collected over a period of 12 months (01-APR-2012-31-MAR-2013) and the code-status attribute was tracked for individual patients. The code-status data were analyzed separately for adult and pediatric patient populations. We considered 131,399 encounters for 83,248 adult patients and 80,778 encounters for 55,656 pediatric patients in this study. RESULTS: 71% of the adult patients and 30% of the pediatric patients studied had a documented code-status. Age and severity of illness influenced the decision to document code-status. Demographics such as gender, race, ethnicity, and proximity of primary residence were also associated with the documentation of code-status. CONCLUSION: Absence of a recorded code-status may result in unnecessary interventions. Code-status in paper charts may be difficult to access in cardiopulmonary arrest situations and may result in unnecessary and unwanted interventions and procedures. Documentation of code-status in electronic records creates a readily available reference for care providers.