Degnala disease in buffaloes and cattle: epidemiological investigations.

An attempt was made to identify the epizootiological features associated with Degnala disease occurring in the rice-growing areas of the Indian subcontinent and believed to be associated with mycotoxins. Epizootiological studies were made on disease outbreaks involving 370 herds from 136 villages of Haryana, India, during the years 1968 to 1978. They revealed that the disease, besides being seasonal and regional in occurrence, has a tendency to confine itself to a particular herd or field. All the disease outbreaks occurred during the winter and were associated with the feeding of rice straw. The incidence of the disease, varied from year to year, assuming serious proportions in certain years. The morbidity and mortality rates were 61.61% and 13.93%, respectively, in buffaloes and 13.49% and 2.41% in cattle, with no sex and age differences. Factors such as housing conditions of animals, shape of rice straw stacks, feeding practices, and use of pesticides and fertilizers had no bearing on the occurrence of the disease. Inadequate postharvest drying of rice plants before stacking and stacking at low-lying places or near water channels were the factors identified with occurrence of the disease. In the case of affected herds, 72.07% of the owners stacked rice straw immediately after harvesting, without allowing the plants to dry adequately, versus 10.60% of the owners of unaffected herds. Similarly, 72.97% of the farmers owning affected herds were found to stack rice straw either in low-lying areas or near canals and other water channels, versus 22.73% of the farmers of control herds.

Brucellosis in poultry--an experimental study.

Experimental brucellosis with Brucella abortus has been studied in chickens, though antibody response and histopathological changes in the tissues of the birds were conspicuous and noticed consistently, it was not possible to isolate Brucella organisms from lung, liver, spleen and faecal samples of the infected chickens. These observations suggested that birds are resistant to Brucella infection and organisms succumb to death in vivo.

Pathology of Degnala disease in cattle and buffaloes.

Degnala disease, which is believed to be a mycotoxicosis, has clinical syndrome similar to chronic ergotism and is characterised by development of oedema, necrosis and gangrene of the legs, tail, ears, etc. The gross and histopathologic studies revealed thickening of the wall of blood vessels, associated with thrombus formation, and eosinophilic infiltration in the subcutaneous connective tissue of the affected parts of the body.

Fusarium equiseti associated mycotoxins as possible cause of Degnala disease.

In an attempt to find out the etiology of Degnala disease, occurring among buffaloes and zebu cattle in certain rice growing areas of India, preliminary field and laboratory investigations were conducted. On the basis of information so obtained, certain hypotheses (possible causes) were formulated and each of them was examined by instituting laboratory and experimental studies. These investigations suggested the possibility of the involvement of mycotoxins.