Correlation of serum free prostate-specific antigen level with histological findings in patients with prostatic disease.

BACKGROUND: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) has been widely used in the diagnosis and management of patients with prostate cancer. It may be elevated in other prostatic diseases and surgical procedures. PSA exists in two forms, a major bound form (cPSA) and a free form (fPSA). OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between serum fPSA levels and histologic findings in biopsy specimens of men with prostatic disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study includes 91 patients planned for transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Blood samples were collected before TURP and tested for fPSA. Histology of the tissue samples collected after TURP were studied and the relationship with fPSA analysed using SPSS 11.5. RESULTS: The median values for benign, premalignant and malignant lesions were 1.8 ng/ml, 4.5 ng/ml and 13.20 ng/ml respectively (p<0.001). Most cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) without inflammation had fPSA levels <2 ng/ ml, while most with active inflammation had levels >5 ng/ml. Low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (LGPIN) saw levels <5 ng/ml while high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (PCa) had levels > 5 ng/mL (p<0.05). For detection of high grade lesions (HGPIN and PCa), the sensitivity and specificity of fPSA level > 5 ng/ml was found to be 88.8% and 90.2% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum fPSA is elevated marginally in patients with BPH without inflammation. Active inflammation and high grade lesions are associated with fPSA level more than 5 ng/ml.

Male participation in family planning and its demographic impact.

PIP: This study analyzes the records of clients who underwent voluntary surgical contraception (VSC) at the Central Clinic of the Family Planning Association of Nepal in order to evaluate the demographic impact of sterilization. Sterilization is the most popular method of contraception (80%) in Nepal. Thus, this study, along with a partner study of male participation in family planning, will contribute to the planning of service delivery and information dissemination education and communication activities of their family planning program. In 1987, 1643 clients underwent VSC at the abovementioned clinic; of this, 1243 (75.65%) were males and 400 (24.35%) were females. 955 of the men (76.83%) had wives who were age 29 younger. Conversely, female sterilization in this age group was only 67%. Of vasectomized males, 872 (70.15%) had 3 or fewer children whereas only 61.25% of sterilized females had this number of children. The data shown a much higher male participation for VSC in achieving the small size family norm. Vasectomy therefore has greater demographic impact than female sterilization. However, initial findings need further comparative study in the hilly areas and the Terai district of Nepal.^ieng