Comparison of the Efficacy of Metformin and Lifestyle Modification for the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of metformin versus lifestyle interventions in preventing diabetes in individuals with prediabetes. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and conducted a comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE) up to September 1, 2023. Five eligible studies were included. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the risk of developing diabetes between the metformin and lifestyle intervention groups (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.77-1.68). Similarly, when comparing metformin with lifestyle intervention, the risk of diabetes was slightly higher in the metformin group, but this difference was not statistically significant (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.93-1.86). When comparing metformin with lifestyle intervention to lifestyle intervention alone, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of diabetes (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.74-1.04). In conclusion, our analysis found that the incidence of type 2 diabetes was slightly higher in patients receiving metformin alone compared to lifestyle intervention, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Further trials are necessary to better evaluate these interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals.

Comparison of High Ligation Versus Low Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA) on Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes in Sigmoid Colon and Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Meta-analysis.

This study was done to compare the perioperative outcomes and long-term outcomes between low ligation and high ligation of the inferior mesentric artery (IMA) in sigmoid colon and rectal cancer surgery. This study was conducted following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A literature search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHIL, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify studies published between January 1, 2015, and April 30, 2023. The outcomes assessed in this meta-analysis included postoperative complications (anastomotic leakage, surgical site infection, and postoperative ileus), intraoperative outcomes (duration of surgery in minutes, total intraoperative blood loss in milliliters, total lymph nodes harvested, and total number of metastatic lymph nodes), recovery outcomes (time to first flatus and length of hospital stay), and long-term outcomes (five-year mortality rate and disease-free survival rate). A total of 17 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Of these, six were randomized control trials (RCTs) and 11 were retrospective cohort studies. This meta-analysis suggests that lower ligation may be associated with a lower risk of anastomotic leakage compared to higher ligation in patients undergoing colon cancer surgery. However, there was no significant difference between the two techniques in terms of surgical site infection, postoperative ileus, total lymph nodes harvested, number of metastatic lymph nodes, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay. Time to first flatus was significantly shorter in patients who underwent lower ligation. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the five-year mortality rate and disease-free survival rate between the two techniques. The results of this study indicate that both techniques are comparable in most aspects and suggest that the choice of technique should be based on individual patient factors and surgeon preference.