Science Popularization Interventions on Rational Medication in Patients with Hyperuricemia.

Objective: This research aimed to explore the science of population intervention in the rational medication treatment of hyperuricemia patients in China. The research model was designed to determine interventions from three dimensions of science propylitization (empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and skeptical attitude). Methods: The data for this research was collected from hyperuricemia patients in China with a survey-based questionnaire. A partial least square-structural equation modeling statistical method was used for data evaluation. Results: The research investigated that science popularization can strongly influence hyperuricemia patients' rational medication with empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and a skeptical attitude. Furthermore, the research asserted that more focus on scientific knowledge of hyperuricemia patients can improve their health further. Conclusion: Theoretically, this research would have wider implications. First, the research model was based on science popularization interventions which is a novel contribution to the relationship with rational medication. Second, the practical implications of this study would lie in science population interventions improving the rational medications for hyperuricemia patients. Besides, this research asserted a few future directions for scholars to contribute and determine the impact of further variables to enhance the model of science popularization in relationship with rational medication.

Investigation on various photo-generated carrier transfer processes of SnS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.

Constructing heterojunction is an effective way to improve the photo-generated carrier separation efficiency and photocatalytic activity. Here, we construct SnS2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions by in-situ growth of SnS2 on the g-C3N4. By adjusting annealing temperatures, the SnS2/g-C3N4-180 and SnS2/g-C3N4-120 samples could meet Z-scheme carrier transfer mechanism and conventional type-II charge transfer mechanism, respectively. By the aid of surface photovoltage spectra, the photo-generated carrier transfer direction and the driving force of the charge transfer are suggested. This difference in these two charge transfer mechanisms is supposed to be mainly related to the discrepancy in work functions of the SnS2 treated at different temperatures. This work provides an effective method to understand the Z-scheme carrier transfer mechanism, which could help us to design Z-scheme photocatalysts for higher hydrogen evolution activity.

Ferrihydrite-Modified Ti-Fe2 O3 as an Effective Photoanode: The Role of Interface Interactions in Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of Water Oxidation.

Semiconductor electrodes integrated with cocatalysts are key components of photoelectrochemistry (PEC)-based solar-energy conversion. However, efforts to optimize the PEC device have been limited by an inadequate understanding of the interface interactions between the semiconductor-cocatalyst (sem|cat) and cocatalyst-electrolyte (cat|ele) interface. In our work, we used ferrihydrite (Fh)-modified Ti-Fe2 O3 as a model to explore the transfer process of photogenerated charge carriers between the Ti-Fe2 O3 -Fh (Ti-Fe2 O3 |Fh) interface and Fh-electrolyte (Fh|ele) interface. The results demonstrate that the biphasic structure (Fh/Ti-Fe2 O3 ) possesses the advantage that the minority hole transfer from Ti-Fe2 O3 to Fh is driven by the interfacial electric field at the Ti-Fe2 O3 |Fh interface; meanwhile, the holes reached at the surface of Fh can rapidly inject into the electrolyte across the Fh|ele interface. As a benefit from the improved charge transfer at the Ti-Fe2 O3 |Fh and Fh|ele interface, the photocurrent density obtained by Fh/Ti-Fe2 O3 can reach 2.32 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is three times higher than that of Ti-Fe2 O3 .

Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of NiCoP/g-C3 N4 with Improved Separation Efficiency and Charge Transfer Efficiency.

Although NiCoP has attracted much attention in the field of electrocatalysis, the study of its photocatalytic activity and mechanism have been somewhat limited. NiCoP/g-C3 N4 , synthesized by simple one-pot method, is a highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water. NiCoP/g-C3 N4 exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate of 1643 µmol h-1 g-1 , which is 21 times higher than that of bare g-C3 N4 . The excellent performance is due to a combination of improved separation efficiency and effective charge transfer efficiency. The photogenerated charge behavior is characterized by the surface photovoltage (SPV), transient photovoltage (TPV), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photogenerated charge transport is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curve. Moreover, the effective charge transfer efficiency was measured according to the mimetic apparent quantum yield. SPV and TPV measurements, whereby 10 vol % of a triethanolamine-water mixture was added into the testing system, were taken to simulate the real atmosphere for photocatalytic reaction, which can give rise to the photogenerated charge transfer process. A possible photocatalytic mechanism was also proposed. This study may provide an efficient theoretical basis to design transition metal phosphide cocatalyst-modified photocatalysts.

Electron acceptor of Ni decorated porous carbon nitride applied in photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Nickel, a non-noble metal, is one of the most promising candidates for photocatalysis because it is inexpensive and an earth-abundant metal. Herein, Ni/CM-C3N4 nanocomposites with Ni as a cocatalyst were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that Ni nanoparticles were loaded onto the surface of CM-C3N4. The prepared Ni/CM-C3N4 nanocomposites exhibited an enhanced hydrogen evolution activity. The most active catalyst contained 10% Ni and produced H2 at a rate of 313.2 µmol h-1 g-1, which was obviously higher than that of pure CM-C3N4. The results of photoluminescence (PL) and photoacoustics (PA) studies indicated that the recombination efficiency of photo-induced electron-hole pairs was decreased for CM-Ni10 as compared to that for unmodified CM-C3N4. The transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements directly demonstrated that the recombination time of electron-hole pairs in CM-Ni10 was prolonged. More importantly, the reversed surface photovoltage (SPV) and the declined surface photocurrent (SPC) response of CM-Ni10 revealed that the photogenerated electrons could be trapped by Ni, leading to a better separation efficiency and a superior hydrogen production. Finally, the possible mechanism is proposed to illuminate the photogenerated charge behavior between CM-C3N4 and Ni, which might provide a theoretical basis to develop efficient cocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting.

Metal Ni-loaded g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity: the change in surface band bending.

A series of Ni@g-C3N4 composites were synthesized by a simple solvent thermal method using melamine and acetylacetone nickel as precursors. The results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy indicate that Ni was successfully loaded on g-C3N4. And the Ni loaded greatly enhances the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of g-C3N4 compared to the pure g-C3N4. In order to study the role of Ni, the surface photovoltage, the surface photocurrent and photoluminescence measurements were used to investigate the photogenerated charge properties of g-C3N4. What is more, Mott-Schottky plots and work function measurements confirmed the surface band bending change of g-C3N4 contacting with Ni. Those results demonstrate that Ni coating deepens surface band bending of g-C3N4, resulting in higher separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, which is contributed to the enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity.