ABSTRACT
Colorectal cancer is a significant public health issue all over the world. Screening has been shown effective in improving the survival rate and decreasing the deaths of colorectal cancer. Several organizations have released guidelines for colorectal cancer screening. However, detailed recommendations like the age to begin remain controversial. This paper summarizes the recommended different age groups in initiating the colorectal cancer screening program from a few guidelines and analyzes the reasons for the inconsistency, thus facilitating the drafting of colorectal cancer screening guidelines in China.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Early Detection of Cancer , China/epidemiology , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Humans , Mass Screening , Survival RateABSTRACT
Combining transmission electron microscopes and density functional theory calculations, we report the nucleation and growth mechanisms of room temperature rolling induced face-centered cubic titanium (fcc-Ti) in polycrystalline hexagonal close packed titanium (hcp-Ti). Fcc-Ti and hcp-Ti take the orientation relation: ã0001ãhcp||ã001ãfcc and , different from the conventional one. The nucleation of fcc-Ti is accomplished via pure-shuffle mechanism with a minimum stable thickness of three atomic layers, and the growth via shear-shuffle mechanisms through gliding two-layer disconnections or pure-shuffle mechanisms through gliding four-layer disconnections. Such phase transformation offers an additional plastic deformation mode comparable to twinning.
Subject(s)
Gossypol/adverse effects , Hypokalemia/chemically induced , Animals , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Male , Potassium/blood , RatsABSTRACT
The results of the present study have shown no change in the activity of ATPase of the renal cortex of rats administered gossypol for half a year. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity of the cellular membrane of renal cortex of guinea pigs fed with gossypol for 5 or 9 weeks is significantly altered. It seems possible to diminish or to delay the inhibition by allowing the guinea pigs a potassium-rich diet ad libitum. In vitro, gossypol inhibits significantly the activity of ATPase of the brain and the kidney of rats and guinea pigs uncompetitively. However, the inhibition of the ATPase of human fetus kidney is of a mixed type.
