ABSTRACT
To study the role of MAPK signaling pathway in the development of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by inflammatory factor TNF-α. After the action of TNF-α, the expression of JNK, ERK, P38 in MAPK signaling pathway increased and the expression of E-cadherin, Claudin1 decreased significantly compared to the normal control group. After the addition of corresponding inhibitor, the expression of JNK, ERK, P38 decreased and the expression of E-cadherin, Claudin1 increased compared with TNF-α group. TNF-α regulated the role of EMT in promoting the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous carcinoma cells through MAPK signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Biomarkers , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects , Humans , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , Mouth Neoplasms/genetics , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Having a child in the family with acute leukemia (AL) is a challenge for the parents and can trigger parental uncertainty. Through positive coping with uncertainty, parents can demonstrate positive psychological changes, including higher adaptability. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to measure uncertainty, coping strategies, and growth through uncertainty (GTU) and explore the relationships among them in parents of children with AL in China. Related factors of parental uncertainty were also explored. METHODS: A descriptive and correlative design was used. Ninety-five parents of children with AL participated. Parental uncertainty, coping, and GTU were measured by the translated Chinese versions of scales originally developed by Mishel, McCubbin, and Mishel. RESULTS: Parental uncertainty was found to be prevalent in parents of children with AL in China. It did not have a direct impact on GTU, but rather was mediated through coping. Coping was negatively associated with unpredictability (r = -0.225, P < .05), while positively associated with GTU (r = 0.391, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Through reordering of priorities of life events, parents acquired GTU during the process of their child's illness and treatment. Use of positive coping strategies by parents could help them to manage the stress associated with the unpredictability of child's illness and to promote a healthy maintenance of GTU. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses could assume a more active role in identifying sources and level of parental uncertainty, encouraging parents to stay optimistic, and promoting change in perceptions of uncertainty from danger to opportunity.
