ABSTRACT
The forkhead-box transcription factors of O subfamily (FOXO) play important roles in regulation of various biological functions. We cloned foxo1, foxo3, foxo4, and foxo6 from Xenopus tropicalis (hereafter X. tropicalis), and examined their expression in embryos and adult tissues. Maternal transcripts of foxo1 and foxo3 genes are detected within the animal half of the early embryo, their zygotic transcripts show distinct patterns. At late tailbud stages, foxo1 expression is observed mainly in eye, brain, branchial arches, and pronephros. In addition to eye, brain, branchial arches and pronephros, foxo3 expression is also evident in heart and somites. Foxo4 expression was not detected in oocytes. At late tailbud stages, foxo4 is mainly expressed in eye, brain, branchial arches and otic vesicle. Foxo6 expression was not detectable until stage 36, with a specific expression in nasal pits. Obvious expression of foxo1, foxo3 and foxo4, but not foxo6, is detected by RT-PCR both in oocytes and in embryos at examined stages. The expression of foxo1, foxo3 and foxo4 is observed in all tested adult tissues including heart, muscle, liver, lung, stomach and small intestine, while foxo6 is only detectable in stomach and small intestine. The differential expression pattern of foxo genes suggests that they exert distinct functions during embryonic development and in various organs of X. tropicalis.
Subject(s)
Amphibian Proteins/genetics , Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Amphibian Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Brain/embryology , Brain/metabolism , Bronchi/embryology , Bronchi/metabolism , Eye/embryology , Eye/metabolism , Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism , Heart/embryology , Kidney/embryology , Kidney/metabolism , Mesoderm/embryology , Mesoderm/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , XenopusABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate and analyze the variation trends in the pathological composition of thyroid cancer patients treated in Tianjin Cancer Hospital from 1954 to 2009.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To retrospectively analyze the incidence and clinical features of different pathological types of thyroid cancers in 4342 patients between different time periods from 1954 to 2009.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the four main pathological types of thyroid cancers, the component ratio of papillary thyroid cancer in every period was 68.1%, 78.3%, 81.3%, 82.1%, 85.8%, respectively, while the morbidity of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma concurrent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was increased, so was the proportion of tumors in diameter < or = 2 cm. The proportion of follicular thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was decreasing accordingly; however, the proportion of medullary thyroid carcinoma did not change significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The pathological classification of the thyroid carcinoma patients has significant changes in the 4342 cases treated in our Hospital from 1954 to 2009. The proportion of papillary carcinoma is increased, while that of follicular carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma is decreased. The reasons might attribute to the improved level of consultations and iodized diet or other factors.</p>
