ABSTRACT
The efficacy of HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials and clinical uses. The follow-up after clinical trials usually last for 5-6 years to evaluate the long-term efficacy, and a series of long-term follow-up studies have been conducted in some regions. The literature retrieval of HPV vaccine long term efficiency research both at home and abroad indicated that the protective efficacy of the vaccine against vaccine-type-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and above is higher than 90%.
Subject(s)
Biomedical Research , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Humans , Human Papillomavirus VirusesABSTRACT
During dry season of 2014, some ticks were collected on cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) and grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) in sugar complex areas of Savanna District of Côte-d'Ivoire. Two localities were concerned; SUCAF 1 in Ferkessédougou and SUCAF 2 in Komborodougou. The main objective was to inventory tick species that parasite cattle and grasscutters in this region, then, to identify the shared species between these two groups of animals. To this end, ticks were collected from 70 cattle (35 females and 35 males) and 50 grasscutters (30 females and 20 males). Four tick species were found on cattle: Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus microplus. On grasscutters, three species of ticks were found: A. variegatum, Ixodes aulacodi and Rhipicephalus simpsoni. The species A. variegatum dominated cattle infestation and was the only tick present in the two groups of animals. But, only immature forms were found on grasscutters. This later specie was mainly infested by adults R. simpsoni.
Pendant la saison sèche de l'année 2014, des tiques ont été collectées sur des bovins (Bos taurus et Bos indicus) et sur des aulacodes (Thryonomys swinderianus), respectivement à Ferkessédougou et Komborodougou au niveau des complexes sucriers SUCAF 1 et 2, dans le district des Savanes de Côte-d'Ivoire. L'objectif principal recherché était d'inventorier les espèces de tiques parasitant les bovins et les aulacodes sauvages dans cette région puis de déterminer les espèces communes à ces deux groupes d'animaux. Au total, les prélèvements de tiques ont été effectués sur 70 bovins et 50 aulacodes. Après identification morphologique, quatre espèces ont été trouvées chez les bovins : Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus annulatus et Rhipicephalus microplus, et trois espèces chez les aulacodes : A. variegatum, Ixodes aulacodi et Rhipicephalus simpsoni. La tique A. variegatum, la seule espèce commune aux deux types d'animaux, était majoritaire chez les bovins. Chez les aulacodes par contre, seules les formes immatures d'A. variegatum ont été trouvées, et les adultes de l'espèce R. simpsoni ont été trouvés en majorité.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Rodentia/parasitology , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Ticks/classification , Animals , Cattle , Cote d'Ivoire , Female , Grassland , Male , Tick Infestations/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Cervical cancer has become an important disease that jeopardizes women's health, causing hundreds of thousands of new cases annually. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause for cervical cancer. Since the world's first HPV vaccine was licensed in 2006, 92 countries around the world have introduced them in national immunization programs. The WHO recommends that scientific economic evaluation should be achieved before the introduction, but this is more difficult for low-and middle-income countries. Therefore, this article introduces a mathematical model recommended by WHO in 2014 to quickly and easily accomplish economic evaluation of HPV vaccine -the PRIME, and take the China's 2018 data published by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as an example. The evaluation result shows that the introduction of HPV vaccine in Chinese 12-year-old women is cost-effective.
Subject(s)
Models, Theoretical , Papillomavirus Vaccines/economics , Child , China , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Data Analysis , Female , Humans , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cell SW1990 and the induction of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Methods: The radio-resistant pancreatic cancer cell SW1990-R were established by using the method of radiating pancreatic cancer cell SW1990 step by step and repeatedly. Then the changes of the morphology of the cell was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, the radioresistance of SW1990-R was detected by colony-forming assay, and the apoptosis rate of the two cell lines after radiation were measured by flow cytometry. Then invasiveness and EMT-related genes was measured by trans-well test and qRT-PCR. Finally, the model of transplanted tumor on nude mouse was used to confirm the relationship between the radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cell SW1990 and the induction of EMT. Results: Compared with SW1990, SW1990-R had a lower radiosensitivity (survival fraction in 2 Gy, SF2: 0.326 3±0.007 3 vs 0.840 8±0.001 9, P<0.05) and lower apoptosis rate[(6.12±1.27) % vs (16.87±1.73)%, P<0.05]. Meanwhile, the invasive ability of SW1990-R were significant higher than that of SW1990 cell. According to the result of both in vivo and in vitro experiment, SW1990-R had a higher expression level of Vimentin and Snail, and lower expression level of E-cadherin when compared with SW1990. Conclusion: Compared with SW1990, the radio-resistant pancreatic cancer cell SW1990-R can induce the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
