Subject(s)
Atrial Appendage/pathology , Atrial Fibrillation/pathology , Stroke/pathology , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
SETTING: Süreyyapasa Centre for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey. OBJECTIVE: To report the frequency of treatment side effects in cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) tuberculosis. DESIGN: A retrospective review of the medical records of 263 patients who received individualised treatment for MDR-TB between April 1992 and June 2004. RESULTS: One or more side effects developed in 182 cases (69.2%). These effects led the clinicians to withdraw one or more drugs from the treatment regimen in 146 cases (55.5%). Side effects observed most frequently included: ototoxicity (41.8%), psychiatric disorders (21.3%), gastrointestinal disturbance (14.0%), arthralgia (11.4%), epileptic seizures (9.9%), hepatitis (4.5%), and dermatological effects (4.5%). At the time of analysis, treatment was successful in 204 (77.6%) cases. Fifty-nine patients (22.4%) had poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: Timely and aggressive management of drug side effects means that high side effect rates in MDR-TB treatment need not compromise success rates.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Infusions, Parenteral , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
AIM: We investigated the vascular effects of agmatine (decarboxylated arginine=AGM), an endogenous ligand for alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and imidazoline receptors, present in endothelium and smooth muscle, using the diabetic rat aortae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies were performed in control group (0.2 ml i.p. saline, n=10), streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic control group (60 mg kg(-1) STZ i.p., n=10), agmatine (AGM)-control group (5 mg kg(-1)day(-1) i.p. AGM for 1 month, n=10), citrate-control group (0.2 ml 0.01 M, n=10), insulin-treated diabetic group ((3 U kg(-1) NPH+1 U kg(-1) regular insulin) twice per day, for 1 month, n=10) and AGM-treated diabetic group (5 mg kg(-1)day(-1) i.p. for 1 month, n=10). All values are expressed as means+/-S.E.M. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: One-month AGM-treatment significantly decreased the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats (502+/-44 mg dl(-1) to 343+/-31 mg dl(-1), P<0.001). Fast, slow and total components of responses to noradrenaline in all the experimental groups were not significantly affected by AGM-treatment. AGM reversed the decreased responses of acetylcholine (pD(2) and Inh.%, P<0.001 and P<0.05) in diabetic rats although it did not affect the responses of sodium nitroprusside in all groups. The contraction values of KCl in all groups were not affected by AGM-treatment. CONCLUSION: AGM-treatment could improve the increased blood glucose level, reverse the endothelial dysfunction and normalize the endothelium-dependent relaxation responses in STZ-diabetic rats.
