ABSTRACT
Relatively simple principles can be used to plan and construct de novo proteins that bind redox cofactors and participate in a range of electron-transfer reactions analogous to those seen in natural oxidoreductase proteins. These designed redox proteins are called maquettes. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic binary patterning of heptad repeats of amino acids linked together in a single-chain self-assemble into 4-alpha-helix bundles. These bundles form a robust and adaptable frame for uncovering the default properties of protein embedded cofactors independent of the complexities introduced by generations of natural selection and allow us to better understand what factors can be exploited by man or nature to manipulate the physical chemical properties of these cofactors. Anchoring of redox cofactors such as hemes, light active tetrapyrroles, FeS clusters, and flavins by His and Cys residues allow cofactors to be placed at positions in which electron-tunneling rates between cofactors within or between proteins can be predicted in advance. The modularity of heptad repeat designs facilitates the construction of electron-transfer chains and novel combinations of redox cofactors and new redox cofactor assisted functions. Developing de novo designs that can support cofactor incorporation upon expression in a cell is needed to support a synthetic biology advance that integrates with natural bioenergetic pathways.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/chemistry , Heme/chemistry , Protein Engineering/methods , Proteins/chemistry , Electrons , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Oxidation-Reduction , Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical , Protein Structure, Secondary , Proteins/chemical synthesis , Tetrapyrroles/chemistryABSTRACT
Physical therapy management is a part of the therapeutic treatment established in close relationship with the dentist or the maxillofacial surgery. The role of pain has always been an important evil, the psychological background has also to be taken into consideration. The sedative and calming role played by massage and relaxation can not occult the longterm improvement of functional rehabilitation. The aspect of physical therapy in relation to temporomandibular disorders is disregarded by the aspects because of its important role in functional treatment.
Subject(s)
Physical Therapy Modalities , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/rehabilitation , Breathing Exercises , Exercise Therapy , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Facial Pain/psychology , Facial Pain/rehabilitation , Humans , Massage , Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology , Patient Care Planning , Relaxation Therapy , Temporomandibular Joint/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
For quite some time has been a boom of social network analysis in the field of social psychiatry in Western industrial countries. Their main hypothesis is that the scope and quality of a person's social relations have a specific connection with this person's psychic health. This article exemplifies some specialized studies on the subject. In spite of the fact that the way in which the concept of social networks was applied has been criticized for being empiristic and reductionist, the author stresses its potential for socio-psychiatric research and practice and pleads for its application in the G.D.R.
