Unsteady Pressure-Driven Electrokinetic Slip Flow and Heat Transfer of Power-Law Fluid through a Microannulus.

To guarantee the transporting efficiency of microdevices associated with fluid transportation, mixing, or separation and to promote the heat transfer performance of heat exchangers in microelectronics, the hydrodynamic behaviors at unsteady and steady states, as well as the thermal characteristics at the steady state in a pressure-driven electrokinetic slip flow of power-law fluid in a microannulus are studied. To present a more reliable prediction, the slip phenomenon at walls and nonlinear rheology of liquid are incorporated. The modified Cauchy momentum equation applicable to all time scales and energy equations, are analytically solved in the limiting case of a Newtonian fluid and numerically solved for power-law fluids. The transient velocity profile, time evolution of flow rate, temperature profile, and heat transfer rate are computed at different flow behavior indices, electrokinetic width, slip lengths, and Brinkman numbers, thereby, the coupling effect of nonlinear rheology, slip hydrodynamics, and annular geometry on flow and thermal behaviors is explored. The unsteady flow takes a longer time to achieve the steady state for shear thinning fluids or greater slip lengths. The flow behavior index and slip length play a significant role in the flow rate and heat transfer performance. The relevant discussion can serve as a theoretical guide for the operation and thermal management of annular geometry-related flow actuation systems.

An Integrated Metabolomic and Gene Expression Analysis of 'Sachinoka' Strawberry and Its Somaclonal Mutant Reveals Fruit Color and Volatiles Differences.

Plant tissue culture produces a wide range of genetic variations which are useful for quality improvement of the plant species. However, the differences in metabolic components and the key genes responsible for the difference in metabolic components between somaclonal variation and the original parent are still largely unknown. In this study, a mutant named 'Mixue' was identified with somaclonal variation of the 'Sachinoka' strawberry. The contents of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in the red fruit of 'Mixue' were significantly decreased compared with 'Sachinoka'. In comparison with 'Sachinoka', the expression levels of FaMYB10, FaMYB11.2, FaWD40 and FaTT19 in the turning fruit of 'Mixue' were significantly down-regulated, while the expression of FaMYB1 was significantly up-regulated in the red fruit. 'Sachinoka' and 'Mixue' fruits were found to have 110 volatile components. Among them, 15 volatile components in the red fruit of 'Mixue' were significantly increased compared with 'Sachinoka', such as nerolidol, benzaldehyde, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, which led to an enhanced aroma in 'Mixue' and might result from the up-regulated expression of FaNES1, FaCNL and FaAATs in 'Mixue'. These results provide useful information on the effect of somaclonal variation on metabolic components of strawberry fruit and lay the foundation for the improvement in quality of strawberry.