ABSTRACT
Quercetin, a typical bioflavonoid ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables, is considered to be helpful for human health. Cisplatin (cDDP) is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effect of quercetin, a bioflavonoid with antioxidant potential, on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats. Gavage administrations of water, propylene glycol and quercetin (50 mg/kg) were made 24 and 1 h before saline or cDDP (5 mg/kg) ip injections and were repeated daily for 2, 5 or 20 subsequent days. Rats were killed 2, 5 and 20 days after ip injections, and blood and urine samples were collected to determine plasma creatinine, urine volume and osmolality. The kidneys were removed to determine the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and for histological studies. Cisplatin increased lipid peroxidation, urine volume and plasma creatinine levels and decreased urine osmolality. Treatment with quercetin attenuated these alterations. These results demonstrate the role of oxidative stress and suggest a protective effect of quercetin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in adult Wistar rats.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Cisplatin/toxicity , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Kidney/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Quercetin/pharmacology , Animals , Creatinine/blood , Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney/pathology , Kidney Diseases/blood , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney Diseases/metabolism , Kidney Diseases/urine , Kidney Function Tests , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Quercetin/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Carotenoids are regarded as effective antioxidants, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic agents. Annatto, a red-yellow extract obtained from seeds of Bixa orellana L. is a mixture of several carotenoids and one of them bixin (BXN), is known as its major coloring compound. Studies on BXN clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity in cultured human lymphocytes have not been reported so far. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the ability of BXN to induce chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro and to examine the possible anticlastogenic effect of this carotenoid in chromosomal damage induced by the clastogen cisplatin (cDDP). Human blood samples were obtained from six healthy, non-smoking volunteers; two females and four males aged 18-35 years. The concentrations of BXN (1.0; 2.5; 5.0 or 10 microg/mL) tested in combination with cDDP were established on the basis of mitotic index (MI) measurements. The data showed that BXN was not cytotoxic or clastogenic, when compared to untreated control. A marked decrease in the MI values compared to the untreated control and an increased percentage of aberrant metaphases was seen in all cultures treated with cDDP. The carotenoid efficiency in reducing the inhibitory effect of cDDP on lymphocyte MI is concentration-dependent. Cultures simultaneously treated with BXN and cDDP showed a statistically significant reduction in total chromosomal aberrations and aberrant metaphases. In our experiments, BXN may have acted as an antioxidant by intercepting free radicals generated by cDDP. The data obtained in the present study suggest that dietary carotenoids may act as protective agents against clastogenic effects of antitumor agents. However, extensive studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of BXN before its therapeutic use.
Subject(s)
Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Carotenoids/pharmacology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Adolescent , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Chromosome Aberrations , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Lymphocytes/physiology , Male , Mitotic Index , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Neste estudo foi avaliado o efeito protetor da vitamina C (VC) sobre a açäo clastogênica da cisplatina (DDP) em células da medula óssea de ratos. A DDP, um agente quimioterápico, foi injetada em ratos Wistar sozinha ou após o tratamento com a VC. Os animais foram tratados com VC (50, 100 ou 200mg/kg de peso corporal) por gavagem 10 min antes da administraçäo intraperitoneal de DDP (5mg/kg de peso corporal). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a VC foi efetiva na reduçäo estatisticamente significativa da clastogenicidade da DDP em ratos Wistar (aproximadamente 70 por cento). O efeito antioxidante da VC foi proposto para explicar a modulaçäo da açäo clastogênica da DDP.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antimutagenic Agents , Antioxidants , Bone Marrow , Ascorbic Acid , Chromosome Aberrations , Cisplatin , Doxorubicin , Sister Chromatid ExchangeABSTRACT
Foi desenvolvido um dispositivo simples, para realizar a cromatografia de contracorrente, líquido-líquido sem suporte sólido, em tubo de polietileno, capaz de separar e identificar com eficiência quantidades muito pequenas de íons inorgânicos em mistura com posterior análise semiquantitativa dos mesmos
Subject(s)
Cations/analysis , Chromatography, Liquid , IonsABSTRACT
Foram analisados gräos de soja e "leites" deles elaborados por processo artesanal e por miniusinas para determinar-se níveis de oligossacarídeos relacionados com fenômenos de flatulência. Os resultados em base seca revelaram que após o processamento do gräo permaneceram no "leite" de 64 por cento a 93 por cento de sacarose, de 42 por cento a 88 por cento de rafinose e de 39 por cento a 112 por cento de estaquiose. Outros sacarídeos de pesos moleculares inferiores aos originalmente presentes nos gräos também foram constatados nos "leites"
