Synergistic improvement of humus formation in compost residue by fenton-like and effective microorganism composite agents.

Improving the humification of compost through a synergistic approach of biotic and abiotic methods is of great significance. This study employed a composite reagent, comprising Fenton-like agents and effective microorganisms (EM) to improve humification. This composite reagent increased humic-acid production by 37.44 %, reaching 39.82 g kg-1, surpassing the control group. The composite reagent synergistically promoted micromolecular fulvic acid and large humic acid production. Collaborative mechanism suggests that Fenton-like agents contributed to bulk residue decomposition and stimulated the evolution of microbial communities, whereas EMs promoted highly aromatic substance synthesis and adjusted the microbial community structure. Sequencing analysis indicates the Fenton-like agent initiated compost decomposition by Firmicutes, and EM reduced the abundance of Virgibacillus, Lentibacillus, and Alcanivorax. Applied as an organic fertilizer in Brassica chinensis L. plantations, the composite reagent considerably improved growth and photosynthetic pigment content. This composite reagent with biotic and abiotic components provides a learnable method for promoting humification.

Immunological Findings in a Group of Individuals Who Were Poor or Non-Responders to Standard Two-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a pandemic. However, data on the poor or non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the general population are limited. The objective of this study was to comprehensively compare the immunological characteristics of poor or non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the 18-59-year group with those in the ≥60-year group using internationally recognized cut-off values. The main outcome was effective seroconversion characterized by an anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG level of at least a four-fold increase from baseline. Profiling of naïve immune cells was analyzed prior to vaccination to demonstrate baseline immunity. The outcomes of effective seroconversion in patients aged 18-59 years with those in patients aged ≥60 years were compared. The quantitative level of anti-spike IgG was significantly lower in individuals aged ≥60 and men aged 18-59 years. There were 7.5% of poor or non-responders among the 18-59 years and 11.7% of poor or non-responders in the ≥60 years using a four-fold increase parameter. There were 37.0-58.1% with low lymphocyte count (<1000/mm3), 33.3-45.2% with low CD4 cell counts (<500/mm3), and 74.1-96.8% with low B cell counts (<100/mm3) in the non-seroconversion group. An individual with an anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titer below 50 BAU/mL might be considered a poor or non-responder between 14 and 90 days after the last vaccine dose. Booster vaccination or additional protective measures should be recommended to poor or non-responders as soon as possible to reduce disease severity and mortality.

N6-Methyladenosine Modification Patterns and Tumor Microenvironment Immune Characteristics Associated With Clinical Prognosis Analysis in Stomach Adenocarcinoma.

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a part of epigenetic research that has gained increasing attention in recent years. m6A modification is widely involved in many biological behaviors of intracellular RNA by regulating mRNA, thus affecting disease progression and tumor occurrence. However, the effects of m6A modification on immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are uncertain in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Methods: The Cancer Genome Map (TCGA) database was used to download transcriptome data, clinicopathological data, and survival data for m6A-regulated genes in 433 STAD tissues that meet the requirements of this study. GSE84437 data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The correlation between 23 m6A regulated genes was analyzed using R software. Sample clustering analysis was carried out on the genes of the m6A regulatory factor, and survival analysis and differentiation comparison were made for patients in clustering grouping. Then, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), and other methods were conducted to assess the correlation among m6A modification patterns, TME cell infiltration characteristics, and immune infiltration markers. The m6A modification pattern of individual tumors was quantitatively evaluated using the m6A score scheme of the principal component analysis (PCA). Results: From the TCGA database, 94/433 (21.71%) samples were somatic cell mutations, and ZC3H13 mutations are the most common. Based on the consensus, matrix k-3 is an optimal clustering stability value to identify three different clusters. Three types of m6A methylation modification patterns were significantly different in immune infiltration. Thus, 1028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The survival analysis of the m6A score found that patients in the high m6A score group had a better prognosis than those in the low m6A score group. Further analysis of the survival curve combining tumor mutation burden (TMB) and m6A scores revealed that patients had a significantly lower prognosis in the low tumor mutant group and the low m6A score group (p = 0.003). The results showed that PD-L1 was significantly higher in the high m6A score group than in the low score group (p < 2.22e-16). The high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) subtype score was significantly different from the other two groups. Conclusions: This study systematically evaluated the modification patterns of 23 m6A regulatory factors in STAD. The m6A modification pattern may be a critical factor leading to inhibitory changes and heterogeneity in TME. This elucidated the TME infiltration characteristics in patients with STAD through the evaluation of the m6A modification pattern.

Immunological findings in a group of individuals who were non-responders to standard two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic. The virus has infected more than 505 million people and caused more than 6 million deaths. However, data on non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the general population are limited. The objective of the study is to comprehensively compare the immunological characteristics of non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the 18-59 years with that in the 60 years and older using internationally recognized cutoff values. Participants included 627 individuals who received physical examinations and volunteered to participate in COVID-19 vaccination from the general population. The main outcome was an effective seroconversion characterized by anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG level of at least 4-fold increase from baseline. Profiling of naive immune cells was analyzed prior to vaccination to demonstrate baseline immunity. Outcomes of effective seroconversion in the 18-59 years with that in the 60 years and older were compared. The quantitative level of the anti-spike IgG was significantly lower in the 60 years and older and in men among the 18-59 years. There were 7.5% of non-responders among the 18-59 years and 11.7% of non-responders in the 60 years and older using the 4-fold increase parameter. The effective seroconversion rate was significantly related to the level of certain immune cells before vaccination, such as CD4 cells, CD8 cells and B cells and the age. An individual with a titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG that is below 50 BAU/mL might be considered a non-responder between 14-90 days after the last vaccine dose. Booster vaccination or additional protective measures should be recommended for non-responders as soon as possible to reduce disease severity and mortality.

Interpretation of non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using WHO International Standard

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic with more than 485 millions infected. Questions about non-responders to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines remain unaddressed. Here, we report data from people after administering the complete dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using the World Health Organization International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin. Our study showed that immune cells such as CD4 cells, CD8 cells, and B cells and anti-spike immunoglobulin G levels were significantly reduced in the elderly. There were 7.5% non-responders among the 18-59 yr group and 11.7% in the [≥]60 yr group. A titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G is blew 50 BAU/mL to be considered as non-responders at intervals of 30 to 90 days after the last vaccine dose. Booster vaccination may be recommended for non-responders to reduce the disease severity and mortality.

Effect of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene 3 on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cell line H1299 through protein kinase B signaling pathway / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA (IncRNA) small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene 3(SUM01P3) on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cell line 1299. Methods Determination of SUM01P3 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells by Real-time PCR. SUM01P3 small interfering RNA(siRNA) was transfected into H1299 cells, the down regulation effect was determined by Real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EdU) method, the cell cycle was determined by PI single staining, apoptosis was detected by annexin V -FITC/PI, detection of apoptosis by TUNEL, Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cleaved Caspase-3 (c-Caspase-3), cyclin Dl, P27, phosphorylated phospoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt). Akt signal activator treated H1299 cells transfected with SUM01P3 siRNA, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cycle change were also measured by the above methods. The number of samples was 9. Results SUM01P3 was up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer cells. The expression of SUM01P3 in H1299 cells decreased after transfection with SUM01P3 siRNA, cell proliferation decreased, the ratio of G0/Gj phase increased, apoptosis rate increased, c-Caspase-3 and P27 protein in the cells increased, the protein levels of cyclin D1, p-PI3K and p-Akt decreased. Akt signal activator could reverse the inhibition of proliferation, cycle arrest and apoptosis of H1299 cells by SUM01P3 siRNA. Conclusion Down-regulation of SUM01P3 inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells and induces apoptosis, the mechanism of action is related to the reduction of the activation level of the Akt signaling pathway.

Crotalaria ferruginea extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Crotalaria ferruginea extract (CFE) and its mechanism. Methods: An intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model was used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of CFE in vivo. The LPS-induced shock model was used to analyze the effect of CFE on survival. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of CFE in vitro and the effects on mitogen-Activated protein kinase (MAPK) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Results: CFE administration decreased the number of inflammatory cells, reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-A), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ, and diminished protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice. CFE also reduced lung wet-To-dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase, and lung tissue pathological injury. CFE pre-Administration improved the survival rate of mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS. CFE reduced LPS-Activated RAW264.7 cells to produce nitric oxide, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6. Furthermore, CFE inhibited nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-Terminal kinases, and P38 MAPKs. Conclusions: CFE exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced ALI mice, LPS-shock mice, and RAW264.7 cells, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Crotalaria ferruginea may be a useful therapeutic drug for the treatment of ALI and other respiratory inflammations.

Crotalaria ferruginea extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Crotalaria ferruginea extract (CFE) and its mechanism. Methods: An intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model was used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of CFE in vivo. The LPS-induced shock model was used to analyze the effect of CFE on survival. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of CFE in vitro and the effects on mitogen-Activated protein kinase (MAPK) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Results: CFE administration decreased the number of inflammatory cells, reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-A), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ, and diminished protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice. CFE also reduced lung wet-To-dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase, and lung tissue pathological injury. CFE pre-Administration improved the survival rate of mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS. CFE reduced LPS-Activated RAW264.7 cells to produce nitric oxide, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6. Furthermore, CFE inhibited nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-Terminal kinases, and P38 MAPKs. Conclusions: CFE exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced ALI mice, LPS-shock mice, and RAW264.7 cells, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Crotalaria ferruginea may be a useful therapeutic drug for the treatment of ALI and other respiratory inflammations.

Surgical treatment for adult ankle fracture with Tillaux-Chaput fracture block / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical effect of adult ankle fracture with Tillaux-Chaput fracture block.@*METHODS@#From January 2014 to December 2018, 15 patients with adult ankle fracture with Tillaux-Chaput fracture block were performed opertaion, including 9 males and 6 females, aged from 27 to 67 years old with an average of (45.6±14.3) years old, 8 patients on the left side and 7 patients on the right side. Fracture healing and complications were observed, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) was used to evaluate recovery of ankle joint function.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 18 to 70 months with an average of (38.1±9.9) months. The incisions healed well at stageⅠ. X-ray reexamination showed all fractures healed well without loosening or breakage of internalfixation. Two patients had symptoms of superficial peroneal nerve injury and recovered gradually after nerve nourishing therapy. Three patients mainfested slightly limits of flexion and extension of ankle joint. AOFAS score of ankle and hind foot at the latest follow up was (85.6±7.9), 9 patients got excellent results, 4 good and 2 fair.@*CONCLUSION@#Fix Tillaux-Chaput fracture block with dentate steel plate has advantages of easy operation, stable fixation, and is beneficial to recovery of ankle function. It is not necessary to fix tibiofibular syndesmosis with screws.

Identification and antibiotics sensitivity analysis of Herbaspirillum huttiense in catheter-related bloodstream infection / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the identification and antibiotics susceptibility of Herbaspirillum in catheter-related bloodstream infection, and improve the awareness and attention of the rare pathogenic microorganisms for clinicians and microbiologists. Methods:The bacterium was isolated from a positive blood culture of a hemodialysis patient with chronic renal failure. The smear of isolate was prepared, stained and observed by microscope. The single colonies were identified by mass spectrometry and VITEK 2 Compact identification and antibiotics sensitivity analysis system, respectively. Then, 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified and sequenced, and bacterial genome was sequenced.Results:The gram-negative bacilli was found in the positive blood culture bottle. After incubated on blood agar for 16 hours, milky white, bulging and non-haemolytic colonies were observed. The identification result was Burkholderia cepacian by VITEK 2_Compact and antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed resistance to aztreonam and polymyxin but sensitive to other drugs in N335 card. The isolate could not be identified by VITEK MS with clinical database. However, it was identified as Herbaspirillum huttiense/Herbaspirillum aquaticum with research database. The 16S rDNA of the strain was consistent with Herbaspirillum huttiense and Herbaspirillum aquaticum (more than 99%). High-throughput bacterial genome sequencing revealed that the isolate in this case shared 100% homology with Herbaspirillum huttiense subsp putei IAM 15032 in Genbank database, which confirmed that the isolate was Herbaspirillum huttiense. Conclusions:There are more and more environmental microorganisms evolved into human pathogenic bacteria. Herbaspirillum species are easy to be misidentified because its biochemical characteristics are similar to other strains.

Identification of chemical constituents in Guizhi Fuling Capsules by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To qualitatively characterize the chemical composition of Guizhi Fuling Capsules using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The analysis was performed on Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipes Plus C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) column,that was eluted with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in a gradient mode. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and column temperature was 30 ℃. Tandem mass spectrometry was acquired in both negative and positive ESI modes. These components were further analyzed based on high-resolution mass-to-charge ratios, fragment ion species, reference substances and literature data. In conclusion, a total of 200 compounds were identified, in which 40 were verified with reference substances. The current study laid a foundation for in-depth studies of its mass balance and pharmacodynamics.

Clinical significance of serum high mobility group box-1 protein in patients with acute cholangitis / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective@#To analyze perioperative serum high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) levels in patients with acute cholangitis and its clinical significance.@*Methods@#118 cases of choledocholithiasis with acute cholangitis were retrospectively analyzed, admittd in Minhang Hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum HMGB1 levels before and after ERCP. The relationship between serum HMGB1 levels and severity of the disease was analyzed.@*Results@#The serum HMGB1 levels in the healthy controls, mild cholangitis group, moderate cholangitis group and severe cholangitis group were(1.74±0.79) μg/L, (9.19±4.86) μg/L, (12.62±4.13) μg/L, (18.02±3.84) μg/L, respectively. The serum HMGB1 levels were significantly different in these four groups (F=63.348, P<0.05). The serum HMGB1 levels in the three groups after ERCP were significantly lower than those before ERCP(t=10.978, t=35.682, t=42.649; P<0.05). The serum HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with WBC, CRP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase.@*Conclusion@#Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute cholangitis, and the more serious the disease, the higher the HMGB1 levels. After ERCP, serum HMGB1 levels were significantly lower than before. HMGB1 is an effective parameter for evaluating the severity of acute cholangitis.

Clinical significance of serum high mobility group box-1 protein in patients with acute cholangitis / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To analyze perioperative serum high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) levels in patients with acute cholangitis and its clinical significance.Methods 118 cases of choledocholithiasis with acute cholangitis were retrospectively analyzed,admittd in Minhang Hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum HMGB1 levels before and after ERCP.The relationship between serum HMGB1 levels and severity of the disease was analyzed.Results The serum HMGB1 levels in the healthy controls,mild cholangitis group,moderate cholangitis group and severe cholangitis group were(1.74 ±0.79) μg/L,(9.19 ±4.86) μg/L,(12.62 ± 4.13) μg/L,(18.02 ±3.84) μg/L,respectively.The serum HMGB1 levels were significantly different in these four groups (F =63.348,P ＜ 0.05).The serum HMGB1 levels in the three groups after ERCP were significantly lower than those before ERCP (t =10.978,t =35.682,t =42.649;P ＜ 0.05).The serum HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with WBC,CRP,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase.Conclusion Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute cholangitis,and the more serious the disease,the higher the HMGB1 levels.After ERCP,serum HMGB1 levels were significantly lower than before.HMGB1 is an effective parameter for evaluating the severity of acute cholangitis.

CHI3L1 promotes tumor progression by activating TGF-ß signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.

CHI3L1 (YKL40) is a secreted glycoprotein and elevated serum CHI3L1 level has been proved to be associated with poor prognosis in many human cancers. However, the mechanism of how CHI3L1 causes poor prognosis in cancers is still unknown. Here, considering that CHI3L1 is a liver specific/enriched protein, we use hepatocellular carcinoma as a model to study the function of CHI3L1. We showed that, both in vivo and in vitro, overexpression of CHI3L1 could promote liver cancer cells growth, migration and invasion. We then used RNA-seq to analyze the expression profiles of CHI3L1 overexpressed in two HCC cell lines and found that CHI3L1 overexpression affected genes that were involved in cell-cell adhesion, extracellular exosome and adherens junction. Western blot analysis further revealed that CHI3L1 could activate TGF-ß signal pathways. Our data added new understanding of the mechanism of CHI3L1's action. 1) CHI3L1 promoted cancer cell proliferation by regulating cell cycles; 2) CHI3L1 promoted cancer cell invasion and metastasis; 3) CHI3L1 regulate liver cancer potentially by regulating the TGF-ß signaling pathways; 4) CHI3L1 has direct kinase activities or activate kinase to phosphorylate SMAD2, SMAD3.

Expression and significance of IGF-1 and GFAP in serum of glioma patients / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the expression and significance of insulin grow th factor 1(IGF-1) and gli-al fibriuary acidic protein(GFAP) in patients with glioma .Methods The serum levels of IGF-1 and GFAP in 40 glioma patients ,30 healthy subjects and 35 patients with other benign intracranial tumors were measured by double antibody sandwich method .Results There was no significant difference in serum IGF-1 and GFAP lev-els between healthy subjects and other benign intracranial tumor patients (P>0 .05) ,and the levels of IGF-1 and GFAP in the serum of glioma patients were significantly higher than those of healthy and other benign in-tracranial tumor patients (P<0 .05) .The serum levels of IGF-1 and GFAP in glioma patients after operation were significantly lower than those before operation (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of IGF-1 and GFAP in the serum of glioma patients is significantly higher than those of healthy subjects and other benign intracranial tumor patients .It has good sensitivity and specificity .It can be used as a serum marker of glioma patients and has certain clinical value .

Double support technique in malar reduction surgery / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To present a new method for correction of prominent malar complex via intraoral approach by double support technique osteotomy which can provide a stable support.@*Methods@#According to the anatomical characteristics of malar complex and relevant masseter muscle, we designed a malar reduction technique including anterior and posterior support. The reduction procedure entailed an L-shaped osteotomy ofthemalarbody and oblique osteotomy of malar arch. On the basis of prominence degree, bone fragment was moved inward and upward to form double support, which could reduce malar and zygomatic arch effectively.@*Results@#A total of 76 patients subjected to double support technique for malar reduction between January 2015 and January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 12 months. All patients were satisfied with aesthetic outcomes without major complications, such as facial nerve damage or bone ununion.@*Conclusions@#Double support technique is an effective method to correct malar prominence andreduce the zygomatic complex which can prevent saggy cheek and bony malunion.

Rapid identification of chemical components in Xingbei Zhike Keli by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To analyze and identify the chemical components in Xingbei Zhike Keli by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The analysis was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column, with methanol-0.08% formic acid solution (including 0.1% ammonium formate) as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL·min⁻¹ and column temperature was 30 °C. The MS spectrum was acquired in both negative and positive ion modes by using electron spray ionization (ESI). These components were further analyzed based on accurate m/z, secondary fragmentation and other information combined with reference substance and literature data. As a result, 87 compounds were successfully identified and predicted, including alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and saponins, of which 23 compounds were verified by comparing with reference substances. These results provide reference for the quality control of Xingbei Zhike Keli, and lay the foundation for elucidating their effective components and mechanism of action.

Mutation analysis of the ADAR1 gene in a pedigree with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To detect mutations in the ARAD1 gene in a pedigree with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH).Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 8 family members (including 5 patients with DSH and 3 unaffected members) in the pedigree with DSH,as well as 100 unrelated healthy controls.All the 15 exon sequences of the ADAR1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)followed by direct sequencing.Then,mutations were detected in comparison with the standard sequence of the ADAR1 gene in Genebank.Results A nonsense mutation C.1420C ＞ T (p.Arg474X) was identified at position 1 420 in exon 2 of the ADAR1 gene in the 5 patients with DSH,but not in the 3 unaffected members or 100 unrelated healthy controls.Conclusion The nonsense mutation C.1420C ＞ T in the ADAR1 gene is the causative mutation in the pedigree with DSH.

A new aurone with anti-inflammatory activity from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds / 中国中药杂志

A new compound(Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone was isolated from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic data including MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR HSQC and HMBC. A known compound, 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), was also isolated and identified,and used as material to synthesize (Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone.Anti-inflammatory activities of the two compounds were tested . The results showed that (Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone possesses much stronger PGE₂ inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 6.12 nmol·L⁻¹) than the positive control ibuprofen （68.66 nmol·L⁻¹）.

Revision surgery for malar reduction: causes and treatment strategies / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To discuss the correlation between initial malar reduction procedures and the method of revision procedures and the personalized treatment strategies for the second deformity of postoperative prominent malar complex.Methods From January 2003 to December 2017,27 patients underwent personalized revision surgery of malar reduction according to the different second deformity of malar complex.The surgical technique included the double support malar reduction technique,orthotopic malar osteotomy technique,malar bone grinding surgery,and autogenous bone transplantation.Results A total of 27 patients subjected to revision surgery for malar reduction between November 2006 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.22 patients were satisfied with aesthetic outcomes after the first revision procedure,while 5 patients were satisfied after 2 or 3 procedures follow-up for 10 to 12 months.Conclusions The incidence of complications after malar reduction is related to the first surgical method.According to the unsatisfactory results,it can be repaired individually to obtain a better clinical repair effect.