ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), exemplified by coronary artery disease (CAD), is a global health concern, escalating in prevalence and burden. The etiology of CAD is intricate, involving different risk factors. CVD remains a significant cause of mortality, driving the need for innovative interventions like percutaneous coronary intervention and vascular stents. These stents aim to minimize restenosis, thrombosis, and neointimal hyperplasia while providing mechanical support. Notably, the challenges of achieving ideal stent characteristics persist. An emerging avenue to address this involves enhancing the mechanical performance of polymeric bioresorbable stents using additive manufacturing techniques And Three-dimensional (3D) printing, encompassing various manufacturing technologies, has transcended its initial concept to become a tangible reality in the medical field. The technology's evolution presents a significant opportunity for pharmaceutical and medical industries, enabling the creation of targeted drugs and swift production of medical implants. It revolutionizes medical procedures, transforming the strategies of doctors and surgeons. Patient-specific 3D-printed anatomical models are now pivotal in precision medicine and personalized treatment approaches. Despite its ongoing development, additive manufacturing in healthcare is already integrated into various medical applications, offering substantial benefits to a sector under pressure for performance and cost reduction. In this review primarily emphasizes stent technology, different types of stents, highlighting its application with some potential complications. Here we also address their benefits, potential issues, effectiveness, indications, and contraindications. In future it can potentially reduce complications and help in improving patients' outcomes. 3DP technology offers the promise to customize solutions for complex CVD conditions and help or fostering a new era of precision medicine in cardiology.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Prosthesis Design , Stents , Humans , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Absorbable ImplantsABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, 3D printing technology has ushered in a new era of innovation in cardiovascular medicine. 3D printing in CVD management encompasses various aspects, from patient-specific models and preoperative planning to customized medical devices and novel therapeutic approaches. In-stent technology, 3D printing has revolutionized the design and fabrication of intravascular stents, offering tailored solutions for complex anatomies and individualized patient needs. The advantages of 3D-printed stents, such as improved biocompatibility, enhanced mechanical properties, and reduced risk of in-stent restenosis. Moreover, the clinical trials and case studies that shed light on the potential of 3D printing technology to improve patient outcomes and revolutionize the field has been comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, regulatory considerations, and challenges in implementing 3D-printed stents in clinical practice are also addressed, underscoring the need for standardization and quality assurance to ensure patient safety and device reliability. This review highlights a comprehensive resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers seeking to harness the full potential of 3D printing technology in the fight against CVD.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Reproducibility of Results , Printing, Three-Dimensional , StentsABSTRACT
The drug compliance and its associated factors were investigated among hypertensive patients attending the outpatient department of National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi, from September 2014 to March 2015. Data were collected retrospectively from 300 hypertensive patients taken treatment for >1 year. Half of the patients (51%) were >55 years of age with the predominance of males (52.70%). Most respondents (47%) had had ischemic heart disease (IHD), 30% had diabetes, 47% had both IHD and diabetes, while only a small number of subjects (18%) reporting no comorbidity. Most respondents (82%) reported that they took medicine regularly. Drug compliance was found significantly higher in males (55.70%) as compared with females (44.30%) (P = .025). Similarly, drug compliance was found significantly higher in patients who monitored their blood pressure (BP) regularly (59.30%) as compared with the patients who did not monitor their BP regularly (40.70%) (P = .001). Most respondents (46.30%) with hypertension (HTN) duration ≤5 years had significantly higher drug compliance as compared with the patients with HTN duration of 6 to 10 years and ≥11 years, that is, 33.30% and 20.30%, respectively (P = .018). In conclusion, the rate of drug adherence is not up to the mark in hypertensive patients, with high compliance reported in only half of the respondents.
ABSTRACT
Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
