[Respiratory and olfactory cilia molecular machines of locomotor apparatus].

Physical activity of respiratory and olfactory cilia of animals and humans in the context of L.A. Blumenfeld concept, according to which protein molecules are "machines that perform chemical transformation" and create "a meaningful order", has been investigated and analyzed.

[Unbiased criteria for estimation of the transition from unordered to ordered motor activity of the olfactory cilia].

Unbiased criteria (Lissajous figures, entropy, and harmonic spectra) have been developed to estimate the transition from an unordered to an ordered motor activity of olfactory cilia, which occurs by the action of odorants on flagellata.

[Two molecular motility systems of the frog olfactory cilia].

The motility of olfactory cilia of frog (Rana temporaria) was studied by vital video microscopy under an exposure to odorants: pentanol, camphor, cineole, vanillin (first group), ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide (second group) as well as inhibitors of cell respiration (rotenone and malonate). It was shown that olfactory cilia have both a dynein-tubulin and an actin-myosin molecular motility system. The first molecular motility system provides unordered movements and the second, ordered movements. Motility ordering occurs under the exposure to odorants. The effects of odorants of different groups on mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and olfactory cilia motility are different.

[Kinetics of Ca2+, NADH, and oxidized flavoproteins in the frog olfactory lining under the effect of odorants].

The kinetics of fluorescence of Ca(2+) - chlortertacyclin-cell membrane complex as well as of NADH and oxidized flavoproteins in receptor cells of the frog olfactory lining under the effect of odorants has been studied. Changes in the fluorescence of the olfactory lining upon stimulation by cineole and vanillin occurred more rapidly than under the effect of camphor and amyl alcohol. Differences in the kinetics of reactions of NADH and the Ca(2+)-CTC-CM complex to different odorants are apparently due to heterogeneity of molecular mechanisms associated with the involvement of different intracellular signal systems in the transduction of these odorants in the olfactory lining. In contrast to them, ammonia and beta3-mercaptoethanol penetrate into olfactory cells and inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain without the participation of second messengers. At the same time, the motor activity of olfactory cilia is depressed.

[Heterogeneity of molecular mechanisms the olfactor reception]. / Geterogennost' molekuliarnykh mekhanizmov oboniatel'noi retseptsii.

In experiments on the frog isolated olfactory epithelium by using vital fluorescent microscope, odorants with fruit, rank, flower and camphor smell were shown to involve intracellular signaling systems in olfactory transduction. The odorants with different qualitative smells have different messenger and activity mechanisms. Intracellular messengers do not participate in reception of odorants with piquant and rotten smells. Thus the perception of different odour substances is maintained by physical and chemical processes. Hence, not only taste, carotid, medullar, but olfactory reception as well are characterised by heterogeneity of biophysical mechanisms.

Components of the intracellular cAMP system supporting the olfactory reception of amyl alcohol.

Experiments on isolated frog olfactory epithelium, using vital luminescent microscopy showed that the olfactory transduction of amyl alcohol is mediated by the intracellular cAMP signaling system. Increases in intracellular cAMP levels resulted from activation of adenylate cyclase type III via odorant-induced stimulation of G protein linked to it.

[Components of the intracellular cyclic AMP system maintaining olfactory reception of amyl alcohol]. / Komponenty vnutrikletochnoi sistemy tsAMP, obespechivaiushchie oboniatel'nuiu retseptsiiu amilovogo spirta.

In experiments on isolated olfactory epithelium, cAMP was shown to have an intracellular signal system which participates in pentanol olfaction transduction. Increase in the intracellular cAMP level is associated with adenylate cyclase activation due to G-protein stimulation by odorant coupled with it.

[The participation of the cAMP intracellular signal system in the olfactory transduction of camphor and amyl alcohol]. / Issledovanie uchastiia vnutrikletochnoi signal'noi sistemy tsAMF v oboniatel'noi transduktsii kamfary i amilovogo spirta.

In the frog isolated olfactory epithelium, the cAMP intracellular signal system was shown to take part in olfactory transduction of amyl alcohol but not camphor.

[In vivo fluorimetry in physiological studies and clinical practice]. / Prizhiznennaia fliuorimetriia v fiziologii i klinike.

The paper describes two devices (an intraoperative luminescence probe and a medical fiberoptic spectrofluorimeter) to be used for fluorimetry of visceral tissues in man and animals and presents the results of their use in experiments and clinical practice. The application spheres of lifetime fluorimetry in physiological studies are dealt with.