Albuminuria as a biomarker of severity in diabetic retinopathy and in the response to intravitreal treatment in diabetic macular edema.

PURPOSE: Diabetic macular edema (DME) presents a suboptimal response to antiangiogenic treatment in approximately 30% of patients. We analyzed the relationship between renal function and response to antiangiogenic therapy in patients with DME. METHODS: A total of 367 patients were collected and distributed into three main groups: uncomplicated diabetic retinopathy (DR) group (n = 97), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (n = 94) and DME group (n = 175). Likewise, patients with DME were divided into two groups: responders to antiangiogenic drugs (n = 96) and non-responders to antiangiogenic drugs (n = 79). Age, type of diabetes, arterial hypertension (AHT), creatinine, HbA1c, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate were analyzed. In the statistical analysis, chi-square test and t student were used to compare each group. The relationship between albuminuria and response to treatment in the DME group was studied with a binary logistic regression model, estimating odds ratio and their confidence intervals. RESULTS: There are differences between the three main groups in terms of the presence or not of albuminuria. The presence of albuminuria is greater in the group of patients with more severe DR (PDR and DME), compared to the uncomplicated DR group (p < 0.009). In the logistic regression analysis model, a positive relationship was found and the odds ratio for the albuminuria variable and is 2.78 (CI: 1.42-5.36). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of albuminuria is associated with a higher degree of DR and worse response to antiangiogenic therapy in patients with DME in our series. Multidisciplinary teams would be necessary to reduce albuminuria and thus optimize the treatment of patients with DME.

Plasmaféresis tiroidea / Thyroid plasmapheresis

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Pituitary Disease in AIP Mutation-Positive Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenoma (FIPA): A Kindred-Based Overview.

Clinically-relevant pituitary adenomas occur in about 1:1000 of the general population, but only about 5% occur in a known genetic or familial setting. Familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) are one of the most important inherited settings for pituitary adenomas and the most frequent genetic cause is a germline mutation in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene. AIP mutations lead to young-onset macroadenomas that are difficult to treat. Most are growth hormone secreting tumors, but all other secretory types can exist and the clinical profile of affected patients is variable. We present an overview of the current understanding of AIP mutation-related pituitary disease and illustrate various key clinical factors using examples from one of the largest AIP mutation-positive FIPA families identified to date, in which six mutation-affected members with pituitary disease have been diagnosed. We highlight various clinically significant features of FIPA and AIP mutations, including issues related to patients with acromegaly, prolactinoma, apoplexy and non-functioning pituitary adenomas. The challenges faced by these AIP mutation-positive patients due to their disease and the long-term outcomes in older patients are discussed. Similarly, the pitfalls encountered due to incomplete penetrance of pituitary adenomas in AIP-mutated kindreds are discussed.

Diabetes insípida central como manifestación inicial de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans en paciente adulto / Central diabetes insipidus as the first sign of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans es una enfermedad que afecta predominantemente a niños, aunque puede diagnosticarse en la edad adulta. En adultos, la infiltración histiocitaria afecta predominantemente a hueso, pulmón y piel, y presenta especial predilección por el eje hipotálamo-hipofisario. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 51 años que inicialmente solo presentaba diabetes insípida central pero que con el paso del tiempo ha desarrollado una enfermedad sistémica con afectación cutánea, pulmonar, ósea, adenohipofisaria y del sistema nervioso central. La respuesta al tratamiento quimioterápico y radioterápico fue excelente y actualmente no se ha observado progresión de la enfermedad.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is considered a paediatric disease, although it may be diagnosed in adults. The histiocyte infiltration in adults is most frequently in bones, lungs and skin, and shows a particular predilection for hypothalamus-pituitary axis. A case is presented of a 51 year-old man who initially only presented with central insipidus diabetes, and over time developed systemic disease with skin, lungs, bones, pituitary, and central nervous system involvement. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were effective, and there is currently no progression of the disease.