Indications for Surgery in Disseminated Seminoma.

Seminoma is commonly diagnosed in young men, and it has therefore become a disease of long-term survivors. As the late toxic effects of radiation and chemotherapy are better understood, it is becoming imperative to focus management advancements on reducing exposure to toxic agents. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) currently is indicated as a salvage procedure in postchemotherapy patients with residual masses. Primary RPLND currently is being further explored in patients with clinical stage IA and clinical stage IB disease in 2 prospective studies.