Effects of Rhinoplasty on Smile Esthetic and Gingival Appearance.

Rhinoplasty alone or combined with septoplasty is one of the cornerstone management techniques in facial esthetic surgery. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of rhinoplasty maneuvers on facial and smile esthetics. The study included a total of 27 adult patients. Measurements of gingival length (GL), right and left maxillary incisor-upper lip distance (MIULD), right and left inter-lip distance (ILD), and right and left gingival pocket depth (GPD) were performed and rounded to the nearest millimeter in full smile and at rest. All measurements were obtained at baseline and at the postoperative 1st and 6th months by the same clinician. As compared with the baseline values, significant decreases were determined in the left and right GLs in full smile, left and right MIULD, and left ILD at the postoperative 1st month and in the GL, left and right MIULD, and left and right ILD at the postoperative 6th month. In conclusion, rhinoplasty maneuvers can improve smile esthetics by changing the GL thereby increase patient satisfaction.

Analysis of Six Orthodontic Journals in Science Citation Index and Science Citation Index Expanded: A Bibliometric Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the article type, origin, main affiliation, number of publications, authors, and affiliations of six orthodontic journals during two intervals of 5 years each (2006-2010 and 2011-2015). METHODS: In total, 4879 articles examined in this study were screened online at the individual journal's website. The types of articles and their authorship characteristics in the six orthodontic journals [three journals indexed by Science Citation Index (SCI) and the others indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)] were recorded. Parameters were tested using the Pearson chi-square for independence at a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: Among all the article types, research articles were the most published in the orthodontic journals indexed by SCI and SCIE in the first (2006-2010; 88.1% and 77.6%, respectively) and second periods (2011-2015; 84.4% and 74.6%, respectively). In the first and second intervals, the European Union was the most common origin among articles accepted by the journals listed in SCI (30.1% and 29.2% respectively), whereas Asia/Oceania was the common origin among articles accepted by the journals listed in SCIE (44.1% and 43.4%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The articles published in the orthodontics journals listed under SCI and SCIE for 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 were significantly different in terms of numbers and characteristics.

Relationship between voice function and skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the vocal quality, maxillary central incisors, midpalatal suture, and nasal cavity in patients with maxillary crossbite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coronal CT scans of 30 subjects (14 boys, 16 girls; mean age, 12.01 ± 0.75) were taken before RME (T0), and at the end of the expansion phase (T1). Voice samples of all patients were recorded with a high-quality condenser microphone (RODE NT2-A) on a desktop computer at T0 and T1. Statistical analyses were performed using a paired-sample t-test. The degree of association between the changes in the voice parameters and nasal width was assessed with Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: RME treatment produced a significant increase in the transverse dimensions of the midpalatal suture and nasal cavity between T0 and T1 ( P < .05). The maximum F0 and jitter (%) results were shown to decrease statistically significantly from T0 to T1 ( P < .001 and P = .042, respectively). Between T0 and T1, shimmer (%) and shimmer (dB) exhibited statistically significant increases ( P = .037 and P = .019, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: After RME therapy, voice quality differences were found to be associated with increases in nasal width.

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Dysfunction and its Association with Malocclusion in Children: An Epidemiologic Study.

INTRODUCTION: Malocclusion is one etiological factor of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). This study investigates the prevalence of TMD and the relationship between TMD and the type of occlusion. STUDY DESIGN: A sample of 923 children (463 girls and 460 boys, ages 7-12 years old) was grouped not only by chronological age but also by gender. The information was collected on functional occlusion (anterior and lateral sliding, interferences), dental wear, mandibular mobility (maximal opening, deflection, deviation), and temporomandibular joint and muscular pain recorded by palpation. RESULTS: Headache was the only symptom of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) reported by the children. The results showed that one or more clinical signs were recorded in 25% of the subjects, most of which were mild in character. The prevalence increased during the developmental stages. Girls were in general more affected than boys. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, many subjects with TMD had malocclusions. Early treatment may be important in the prevention of severe TMD. Significant associations were found between different signs, and TMD was associated with posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, Angle Class II and III malocclusions, and extreme maxillary overjet.

Evaluation of inflammation during fixed orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess effects of fixed orthodontic therapy on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, CBC parameters and levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), total protein (TP), and albumin (Alb). DESIGN: Blood samples (7ml) were drawn at baseline, on days 1 and 7, and three months after placement of braces in the study group, while only one blood sample was drawn at baseline in the control group. Serum hs-CRP levels were measured by nephelometric method. Friedman two-way variance analysis was used to assess values with skewed distribution obtained at baseline, on days 1 and 7, in the third month. Wilcoxon rank sign test was performed if median values were unequal. RESULTS: During measurement periods, there were significant increases in hs-CRP level, WBC count and neutrophil count while a significant decrease in Na level (p<0.05). K level was significantly decreased on the day 1. No significant differences were detected in other biochemical parameters evaluated. CONCLUSION: Elevation in serum hs-CRP levels and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio within first 3 months indicates that a systemic immune response develops against therapy in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy.

The applicability of Willems' method for age estimation in southern Turkish children: A preliminary study.

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of Willems' method for assessing southern Turkish children and to analyze the practicability of this method in different age groups for both genders. Panoramic radiographs of 756 children (378 females, 378 males) aged between 5 and 14.99 years were examined by one observer. This retrospective study involved a contemporary southern Turkish population. The chronological ages of the subjects were divided into 10 groups. These 10 groups consisted of children of the following ages 5 and 14.99. Relationships between continuous variables were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The paired t-test was used to compare all data according to gender and age groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical data. According to the results, a very high correlation was found for both girls (r(2) = 0.946) and for boys (r(2) = 0.940). Dental age (DA) and chronological age (CA) were consistent for girls in the four age groups (5-5.99, 6-6.99, 12-12.99, and 14-14.99) and for boys in the three age groups (5-5.99,13-13.99, 14-14.99). The maturity score of Willems' Belgian samples of the DA was applicable to seven groups of the southern Turkish children. The present study reports that Willems' method is more accurate for girls than for boys.

Malocclusion prevalence and orthodontic treatment need in central Anatolian adolescents compared to European and other nations' adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in a large sample of Central Anatolian adolescents and compare them with European-other nations' adolescents. METHODS: The sample included 1125 boys and 1204 girls aged between 12 and 16 years with no previous orthodontic treatment history. Occlusal variables examined were molar relationship, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, posterior crossbite, and scissors bite. The dental health (DHC) and aesthetic components (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were used as an assessment measure of the need for orthodontic treatment for the total sample. RESULTS: The results indicated a high prevalence of Class I (34.9%) and Class II, Division 1 malocclusions (40.0%). Moreover, increased (18%) and reduced bites (14.%), and increased (25.1%) and reversed overjet (10.%) were present in the sample. CONCLUSION: Using the DHC of the IOTN, the proportion of subjects estimated to have great and very great treatment need (grades 4 and 5) was 28.%. However, only 16.7% of individuals were in need (grades 8-10) of orthodontic treatment according to the AC.

Malocclusion prevalence and orthodontic treatment need in central Anatolian adolescents compared to European and other nations' adolescents

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in a large sample of Central Anatolian adolescents and compare them with European-other nations' adolescents. Methods: The sample included 1125 boys and 1204 girls aged between 12 and 16 years with no previous orthodontic treatment history. Occlusal variables examined were molar relationship, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, posterior crossbite, and scissors bite. The dental health (DHC) and aesthetic components (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were used as an assessment measure of the need for orthodontic treatment for the total sample. Results: The results indicated a high prevalence of Class I (34.9%) and Class II, Division 1 malocclusions (40.0%). Moreover, increased (18%) and reduced bites (14.%), and increased (25.1%) and reversed overjet (10.%) were present in the sample. Conclusion: Using the DHC of the IOTN, the proportion of subjects estimated to have great and very great treatment need (grades 4 and 5) was 28.%. However, only 16.7% of individuals were in need (grades 8-10) of orthodontic treatment according to the AC.

Resumo Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de má oclusão e a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em uma amostra extensa de adolescentes da Anatólia Central, e compará-los a adolescentes europeus de outras nacionalidades. Métodos: a amostra consistiu de 1125 meninos e 1204 meninas, com idades entre 12 e 16 anos, sem histórico de tratamento ortodôntico prévio. As variáveis oclusais avaliadas foram a relação entre molares, overjet,overbite, apinhamento, diastema na linha média, mordida cruzada posterior e mordida em tesoura. O Componente de Saúde Dental (DHC) e o Componente Estético (AC) do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN) foram utilizados para avaliar a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico de toda a amostra. Resultados: os resultados sugerem uma alta prevalência de má oclusão de Classe I (34,9%) e Classe II, subdivisão 1 (40,0%). Além disso, overbiteaumentado (18,3%) e reduzido (14,4%), e overjet aumentado (25,1%) e reduzido (10,4%) também foram observados na amostra. Conclusão: com base no uso do DHC do IOTN, observou-se que a proporção dos indivíduos avaliados com necessidade grande e muito grande de tratamento (notas 4 e 5) foi de 28,7%. Porém, de acordo com o AC, apenas 16,7% dos indivíduos apresentaram necessidade (notas 8-10) de tratamento ortodôntico.

Comparison of Forsus FRD EZ and Andresen activator in the treatment of class II, division 1 malocclusions.

OBJECTIVES: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Forsus Fatigue-Resistant Device (FRD) EZ and Andresen activator in terms of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes in actively growing patients presenting with class II, division 1 malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study sample included 60 subjects. Inclusion criteria were as follows: class II division 1 malocclusion, retrognathic mandible, normal or low-angle growth pattern, and peak growth period. The first study group consisted of 20 patients who were treated with Forsus appliance, and the second group of 20 patients received treatment with Andresen activator. Control group received no treatment. RESULTS: Our results revealed that both appliances enhanced mandibular growth, helped increase the length of the mandible, and had a restraining growth effect on the maxilla. Anterior face height increased in both of treatment groups, whereas posterior face height had a significant increase in the activator group only. More mandibular incisors protrusion and intrusion were seen with the Forsus appliance. Moreover, occlusal plane and palatal plane rotated significantly in clockwise direction as a result of dentoalveolar changes only in the Forsus group. CONCLUSIONS: As well as the Forsus appliances corrected class II discrepancies mostly through dentoalveolar changes as compared to the activator group, both appliances proved effective in the treatment of growing individuals having class II malocclusions with mandibular retrognathia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: By this investigation, two treatment methods, which are currently used in clinical practice, will be evaluated, and the results will be useful for clinicians.

Comparison of the effects of fixed and removable functional appliances on the skeletal and dentoalveolar structures.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyse the effects of activator and Forsus FRD EZ appliances in the treatment of skeletal Class II division I malocclusion. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs were collected from 24 Class II division I growing patients (14 females, 10 males). The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups and either treated with an activator appliance (Mean age 12.67 +/- 1.24 years) or with a Forsus FRD EZ appliance (Mean age 12.31 +/- 1.09 years). Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs were obtained, traced, superimposed and data analysed using paired t-tests and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the Forsus FRD EZ effectively corrected the Class II malocclusion, but the changes were mainly dentoalveolar. The Forsus FRD EZ appliance induced a clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane without significant alteration in the vertical facial dimension. Skeletally, maxillary growth was restricted and pogonion moved forward which improved the profile. CONCLUSION: The Forsus FRD EZ appliance may be an effective dentoalveolar treatment method to manage a skeletal imbalance and improve the profile in growing patients.