Knowledge attitude and practice of safety measures for corona virus disease - 19 (COVID-19) among general population.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general population for Corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19). METHODS: A total of 950 participants submitted an online self-administered questionnaire, which was developed through literature search and validated. The online survey link was distributed through various social media platforms (WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Snapchat, Pinterest, and Tumblr). And 861 forms were included in the study after checking for completion of relevant response from participants, whereas 89 forms were excluded. The data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics were performed for percentage and frequency determination of quantitative and qualitative variables. Spearman's correlation and Chi square test were performed to control confounders and association of knowledge, attitude, and practices with gender and education level. The P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: More than two third of the population was aware of COVID-19 and three fourth had had bachelor's degrees, whereas 18% had master level education. 85% have not attended any courses, awareness campaigns, and lectures to inculcate recent and updated knowledge. 83% believed that COVID-19 is a serious threat to the community; hence, prevention strategies should be adopted. There was no significant relationship (p = 0.23) between knowledge, attitude, and practice levels with gender, whereas a significant relationship (p = 0.01) was noted with education of participant. Similarly, a significant relationship (p = 0.00) was seen between knowledge and practices of participants toward COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The studied population displayed adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice to combat COVID-19. However, we also find a knowledge gap between information source and perception of COVID-19 among our study participants. Therefore, there is a critical need for effective education and widespread public campaigns aiming to enhance relevant and contemporary information related to prevention and management of COVID-19.

Ceramic Veneers for Esthetic Restoration of Retained Primary Teeth: A 4-year Follow-up Case Report.

Retained primary teeth in the smile zone can cause patient dissatisfaction, especially if associated with malposition of teeth. Orthodontic and prosthetic treatment options to treat the situation may not be accepted by some patients. Therefore, these patients tend to maintain their primary teeth and seek different esthetic options. Ceramic veneers may provide an esthetic treatment option to restore these teeth. However, the survival rates of ceramic restorations in such cases have not yet been established. This case report provides a step-by-step clinical description of the use of ceramic veneers for the restoration of retained primary canines and mild teeth malalignment, with a 4-year follow-up report, in a 28-year-old female patient. During restorative treatment, an effort was made to maintain the occlusion in group function to minimize stress and eliminate destructive forces on the retained primary teeth. After 4 years of function, the patient was still satisfied with the provided treatment.