ABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the hotspots in the research field of neurodegenerative diseases, and its pathogenesis is still controversial. Trace metal elements play an important role in normal growth and development of the human body. Metal ions can cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain, leading to α-synapnuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and then inducing the occurrence of PD. This article mainly reviewed the potential mechanisms of metal elements in PD, discussed the role of metabolic imbalance of common trace metals (copper, iron, manganese, and zinc) in PD, and put forward new insights into the treatment of PD.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveExplore best upper respiratory tract sampling time of suspected novel coronavirus pneumonia cases. MethodsWe collected dates of patients from Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Jinhua city and so on who had the clear exposure history of a novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19). We retrospected demographic data, exposure time, onset time, visiting time and positive time for novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection in respiratory specimens. There were 256 patients from January 20,2020-February 12,2020 from eight cities included in our study. 106 cases appeared symptoms before January 25th and 150 after. ResultsThere were 136(53.1%)male infected cases. The mean age of all patients was 43.80{+/-}14.85. The median time from exposure to onset was 5(3,8) days. The median time of the first time of positive nucleic acid detection was 11(9,14)days and mode number was 13. The median time from onset to the first time of positive nucleic acid detection was 6(4,8)days and mode number was 5. The time from onset to definite diagnosis was 5(3,7) days before January 25th while it was 7.5(5,10)days after which was significantly shorter before January 25th(U=3885.5,P<0.001). The time from exposure to definite diagnosis was 11(9,14)days and 11(9,14)days before January 25th and after and without significant difference. The time from exposure to definite diagnosis was 11(9,13)days in first-tier cities and 13(11,15)days in second and third-tier cities. The difference was significantly shorter of first-tier cities(U=1355.5, P=0.039). And also the time was short from visiting to definite diagnosis which was 2(2,3)days in first-tier cities and 3(2,4)days in second and third-tier cities but without significant difference(U=842.5, P=0.054). ConclusionsFrom our study we found that the best upper respiratory tract sampling time for novel coronavirus pneumonia suspects was 13days after exposure. The time from onset to definite diagnosis was shorter after January 25th. The patients were diagnosed faster in the first-tier cities after exposure.
ABSTRACT
Objective Quadratic regression universal rotary combination design was used to optimize the fluorescence labeling condition of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP).Methods The fluorescence labeling condition of LBP presented, when the covalent coupling of LBP and tyramine was reacted with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Filter the best labeling condition via using quadratic regression universal rotary combination design experiment on the relationship of labeling efficiency among pH value of buffer solution, reaction time, temperature and the dose of tyramine.Results The regression equation was:Y=0.085 41 - 0.002 82X1 - 0.015 68X2 + 0.008 11X3 + 0.005 01X4 + 0.008 75X1X2 - 0.005 75X1X3 - 0.001 75X1X4 + 0.010 63X2X3 + 0.000 125X2X4 + 0.000 25X3X4 - 0.021 44X12 - 0.008 89X22 - 0.001 984X32 + 0.003 66 X42, and the variables fromX1 toX4 represented pH value, reaction time, temperature and dose of tyramine, respectively. The goodness of fitting of regression equation was statistically significant. The condition of labling LBP was optimized when the temperature was at 50℃, timing of labling at the fourth day and pH value was 8.5.Conclusion The condition of labling LBP was optimized with suitable temperature, pH value and extended timing.
