ABSTRACT
Introducción: El haber nacido pequeño para la edad gestacional (PEG) conlleva riesgos a corto y a largo plazo. El objetivo del estudio es describir las características perinatológicas y socioculturales, el patrón de crecimiento y el tipo de alimentación de los nacidos PEG en nuestro medio durante sus primeros 6 meses de vida. Materiales y métodos: Se ha evaluado durante 6 meses la antropometría y alimentación en una muestra de 1.596 lactantes representativa de la población aragonesa. Resultados: Las madres de los PEG (n=94) ganaron menos peso durante la gestación (10,5±5,8 vs 12,0±5,07kg; p=0,012), el embarazo duró menos (37,84±1,7 vs 39,06±1,6semanas; p<0,001) y se les realizaron más cesáreas (37,2 vs 20,5%; p=0,001). La talla de la madre fue menor en el grupo de PEG (1,61±0,58 vs 1,63±0,06 metros; p = 0,004), pero su índice de masa corporal fue similar. No se encontraron diferencias entre grupos en los aspectos sociales o culturales. Las madres de los PEG fumaron más durante la gestación (32,3 vs 18,5%; p = 0,003) (RR = 1,92; IC 95%: 1,31-3,02). Los PEG mantuvieron un menor peso y longitud durante los 6 primeros meses de vida y la ganancia ponderal mensual fue similar al resto. La prevalencia de lactancia materna fue menor en los PEG, 54,9 vs 68,2% a los 4 meses (RR=0,58; IC 95%: 0,38-0,89). Conclusión: En los nacidos PEG confluyen una serie de características que deben ser consideradas, ya que en conjunto confieren riesgos para la salud. Los nacidos PEG en nuestro medio no presentan un patrón de crecimiento recuperador rápido y su menor tamaño persiste a los 6 meses de vida(AU)
Introduction: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) has short and long term risks. The aim of this study was to describe perinatal and socio-cultural characteristics, and the pattern of growth and diet of SGA infants during their first 6 months of life. Materials and methods: Anthropometry and diet were evaluated during six months in a representative sample of 1596 newborns the population of Aragon (Spain). Results: Mothers of SGA (N=94) infants gained less weight during pregnancy (10.5±5.8 vs 12.0±5.07kg, P=.012), gestational age at birth was lower (37.84±1.7 vs 39.06±1.6 weeks, P<.001), and the probability of cesarean delivery was higher (37.2% vs 20.5%, P=.001). The height of the mother was lower in the SGA group (1.61±0.58 vs 1.63±0.06 metres, P=.004), but their body mass index was similar. No differences were found between groups in social or cultural aspects. Mothers of SGA infants smoked more during pregnancy (32.3% vs 18.5%, P=.003) (RR = 1.92; 95% CI; 1.31 to 3.02). Infants born SGA remained smaller during the first 6 months of life, and the monthly weight gain was similar to the rest. In the SGA group, the prevalence of breastfeeding was lower at 4 months of age (54.9% vs 68.2%, RR = 0.58, 95% CI; 0.38 to 0.89). Conclusions: Infants born SGA are more likely to converge a number of characteristics that must be considered together because they may lead to health risks. SGA do not show a rapid recovery pattern of postnatal growth, and their smaller size persists at six months(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Infant, Small for Gestational Age/growth & development , Breast Feeding , Gestational Age , Postnatal Care , Birth Weight , AnthropometryABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) has short and long term risks. The aim of this study was to describe perinatal and socio-cultural characteristics, and the pattern of growth and diet of SGA infants during their first 6 months of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthropometry and diet were evaluated during six months in a representative sample of 1596 newborns the population of Aragon (Spain). RESULTS: Mothers of SGA (N=94) infants gained less weight during pregnancy (10.5±5.8 vs 12.0±5.07 kg, P=.012), gestational age at birth was lower (37.84±1.7 vs 39.06±1.6 weeks, P<.001), and the probability of cesarean delivery was higher (37.2% vs 20.5%, P=.001). The height of the mother was lower in the SGA group (1.61±0.58 vs 1.63±0.06 metres, P=.004), but their body mass index was similar. No differences were found between groups in social or cultural aspects. Mothers of SGA infants smoked more during pregnancy (32.3% vs 18.5%, P=.003) (RR = 1.92; 95% CI; 1.31 to 3.02). Infants born SGA remained smaller during the first 6 months of life, and the monthly weight gain was similar to the rest. In the SGA group, the prevalence of breastfeeding was lower at 4 months of age (54.9% vs 68.2%, RR = 0.58, 95% CI; 0.38 to 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: Infants born SGA are more likely to converge a number of characteristics that must be considered together because they may lead to health risks. SGA do not show a rapid recovery pattern of postnatal growth, and their smaller size persists at six months.
Subject(s)
Diet , Infant, Small for Gestational Age/growth & development , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
Introducción: los niños con enfermedades crónicas (EC) tienen más riesgo de presentarcomplicaciones importantes debidas a la gripe. Aunque la vacunación rutinaria anual convacuna trivalente inactivada está indicada en estos niños, son muy pocos los que cumplenesta recomendación. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es comprobar la cobertura de vacunaantigripal en niños con alto riesgo de complicaciones (ARC) en un centro de salud urbanoen España.Pacientes y métodos: durante el otoño e invierno 2007-2008 se revisó la base de datos delas historias clínicas de los niños de 0-14 años de edad, en un centro de salud. De un total de3.479 niños, 232 presentaban ARC. Se comprobó si habían recibido la vacuna antigripal en eseaño, examinando cada historia clínica informatizada.Resultados: la cobertura global de vacuna antigripal en niños con ARC fue 43,1%. El 98%de los niños vacunados recibió una vacunación completa. Según las patologías subyacentes encontradas,la cobertura vacunal fue del 44% en caso de asma, 35% en cardiopatía congénita y42,85% en diabetes mellitus. La cobertura de vacuna antigripal fue menor en niños de familiasinmigrantes con ARC que en españoles, 35,6% frente al 45,7%.Conclusiones: la cobertura de vacuna antigripal en nuestros niños con ARC es mayor que lacomunicada en la bibliografía médica (10-23%). A pesar de estos buenos resultados, se necesitaaumentar la vacunación antigripal en todos los niños con EC. Los profesionales de la saluddeberían diseñar estrategias para conseguir una cobertura de un 75% como un objetivo muchomejor(AU)
Introduction: children with chronic medical conditions (CMC) are at high-risk of sufferingfrom serious complications due to influenza. Although routine annual influenza immunizationwith trivalent inactivated vaccine is recommended in these children, few of them fulfil the recommendation.The aim of our study is to assess the rate of influenza vaccine coverage amongchildren with CMC in a Primary Care Setting in a metropolitan area in Spain.Patients and methods: in the 2007-2008 influenza season, the computerized database ofall children aged 0-14 years in a Primary Care Setting was checked. Over 3,479 children, 232were indentified as high-risk. The administration of influenza vaccine in these children that yearwas assessed checking every computerized medical record.Results: the global influenza vaccine coverage among children with CMC was 43.1%. Fullimmunization was received in 98% of them. Depending on the underlying medical condition,the coverage was 44% in children with Asthma, 35% in Congenital Heart Diseases and 42.8%in Diabetes Mellitus. Children with CMC living in immigrant families had lower rate of influenzavaccination than those in Spanish families, 35.6% versus 45.7%.Conclusions: the rate of vaccine coverage among children with CMC in our setting is higherthan the one reported in medical reviews (range: 10-23%). Despite these good results, to increasethe rates of vaccination among children with CMC is needed. Health care professionalsshould design strategies to achieve a 75% rate of influenza vaccine coverage in high-risk childrenas a much better goal(AU)
