Role of Chiral Two-Body Currents in

A direct measurement of the decay width of the excited 0_{1}^{+} state of ^{6}Li using the relative self-absorption technique is reported. Our value of Γ_{γ,0_{1}^{+}→1_{1}^{+}}=8.17(14)_{stat.}(11)_{syst.} eV provides sufficiently low experimental uncertainties to test modern theories of nuclear forces. The corresponding transition rate is compared to the results of ab initio calculations based on chiral effective field theory that take into account contributions to the magnetic dipole operator beyond leading order. This enables a precision test of the impact of two-body currents that enter at next-to-leading order.

Electric Dipole Polarizability of

The electric dipole strength distribution in ^{48}Ca between 5 and 25 MeV has been determined at RCNP, Osaka from proton inelastic scattering experiments at forward angles. Combined with photoabsorption data at higher excitation energy, this enables the first extraction of the electric dipole polarizability α_{D}(^{48}Ca)=2.07(22) fm^{3}. Remarkably, the dipole response of ^{48}Ca is found to be very similar to that of ^{40}Ca, consistent with a small neutron skin in ^{48}Ca. The experimental results are in good agreement with ab initio calculations based on chiral effective field theory interactions and with state-of-the-art density-functional calculations, implying a neutron skin in ^{48}Ca of 0.14-0.20 fm.

E2 decay strength of the M1 scissors mode of

The E2/M1 multipole mixing ratio δ_{1→2} of the 1_{sc}^{+}→2_{1}^{+} γ-ray decay in ^{156}Gd and hence the isovector E2 transition rate of the scissors mode of a well-deformed rotational nucleus has been measured for the first time. It has been obtained from the angular distribution of an artificial quasimonochromatic linearly polarized γ-ray beam of energy 3.07(6) MeV scattered inelastically off an isotopically highly enriched ^{156}Gd target. The data yield first direct support for the deformation dependence of effective proton and neutron quadrupole boson charges in the framework of algebraic nuclear models. First evidence for a low-lying J^{π}=2^{+} member of the rotational band of states on top of the 1^{+} band head is obtained, too, indicating a significant signature splitting in the K=1 scissors mode rotational band.

Impact of former uranium mining activities on the floodplains of the Mulde River, Saxony, Germany.

The Mulde River drains the former uranium mining areas in Saxony (Germany), which has led to a large-scale contamination of the river and the adjacent floodplain soils with radionuclides of the uranium decay series. The objective of the investigation is to quantify the long-term effect of former uranium mining activities on a river system. All of the investigated environmental compartments (water, sediment, soil) still reveal an impact from the former uranium mining and milling activities. The contamination of water has decreased considerably during the last 20 years due to the operation of water treatment facilities. The uranium content of the sediments decreased as well (on average by a factor of 5.6), most likely caused by displacement of contaminated material during flood events. Currently, the impact of the mining activities is most obvious in soils. For some of the plots activity concentrations of >200 Bq/kg of soil were detected for uranium-238. Alluvial soils used as grassland were found to be contaminated to a higher degree than those used as cropland.

Chronic pain in Holocaust survivors.

There is limited research on the connection between the Holocaust and chronic pain, despite evidence suggesting that medical and psychological sequelae are common in survivors. The goals of this study were: (1) to define Holocaust survivors' (n = 33) chronic pain characteristics as manifested 50 years after the war, (2) to compare survivors with controls (n = 33) who did not experience World War II atrocities, and (3) to investigate the connection between past trauma and chronic pain. Data were collected through questionnaires that included a detailed medical and pain history, visual analog scale (VAS), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), and Pain Disability Index (PDI). A comparison of variables between the two groups was conducted using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and ANOVA, and canonical discriminant analysis. Results showed that Holocaust survivors reported higher pain levels (73 +/- 18 vs. 56 +/- 21; P < 0.005), more pain sites (4.5 6 2.8 vs. 2.7 6 1.4; P < 0.05), and significantly higher depression scores (17.6 +/- 8.4 vs. 9.2 +/- 4.6; P < 0.001); they tended to utilize more medical services (5.9 +/- 3.0 vs. 5.1 +/- 2.8). Nonetheless, survivors did not regard themselves more disabled as compared with controls. They reported a higher activity level as measured by walking distance capacity, and spent significantly fewer hours resting (4.3 +/- 3.6 vs. 7 +/- 4.6; P < 0.05). This paradoxical combination of high pain intensity, moderate to severe depression, and high activity level characterizes Holocaust survivors' chronic pain. It is conceivable that by remaining active Holocaust survivors fight back their pain, distress, and depression. These findings suggest that Holocaust atrocities affect survivors' chronic pain even years later.

Induction of anesthesia with propofol in urological outpatient surgery.

Propofol (Diprivan) in a new formulation, a short-acting intravenous anesthetic, was used as an induction agent for short urological procedures. Forty unpremedicated patients were treated with either propofol or thiopental in a randomized study. The onset of anesthesia and duration of apneic period were prolonged and the decrease in systolic blood pressure was more profound in the propofol group. Heart rate was less stable and recovery time was longer in the thiopental group. Other parameters, such as quality of anesthesia, acceptability of the drug or rate of side effects, were similar in both groups. These results suggest that propofol in a new formulation is a suitable agent for short urological procedures in outpatient surgery.

The effect of alfentanil on experimental myocardial infarction size: a comparison with fentanyl and halothane.

We compared the action of alfentanil on experimental myocardial infarction size with two widely used anesthetic drugs: fentanyl and halothane. Myocardial infarction size, measured by histological techniques, was identical for the three drugs investigated. Our results demonstrate that the action of alfentanil on factors governing myocardial oxygen supply and demand in the rat with coronary artery ligation is no different from the action of fentanyl or halothane.

Effects on respiratory patterns during bronchoscopy by the Sanders attachment technique.

The purpose of this study was to rationalize the choice of injector and bronchoscope sizes during bronchoscopy under general anesthesia using the Sanders attachment technique. Arterial Po2 and Pco2, FIo2, and peak inspiratory pressure at the tip of the bronchoscope were plotted against the ratio (RI/B) of the internal diameters of the injector and the bronchoscope in seven dogs undergoing bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Peak inspiratory pressure, FIo2, and PaO2, increased, and PaCO2 decreased with an increase in RI/B. A working table is proposed to predict the optimal RI/B.

Emergency management of tracheal stenosis. Retrograde tracheal bougienage.

A new technique for immediate though temporary relief of airway obstruction due to tracheal stenosis is described. Introduction of a small gauge cuffed endotracheal tube past the stenotic segment, followed by repeated withdrawal with the cuff inflated, allows for effective and safe retrograde bougienage. Airway patency is maintained throughout. Following this procedure introduction of an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula is facilitated and definitive surgery can be planned.

Cardiac arrest following a complication of internal jugular vein cannulation.

Manula compression of the common carotid artery after a complication of the posterior approach to the internal jugular vein resulted in progressive AV block and cardiac arrest. Electrocardiographic monitoring is advocated as a routine.