Subject(s)
Orbit/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
325 skulls were investigated in the present study. The absence of the floor of the carotid canal was found in only one skull, a condition which makes the internal carotid artery vulnerable during a surgical approach to this region.
Subject(s)
Carotid Artery, Internal/anatomy & histology , Skull/abnormalities , Skull/anatomy & histology , Humans , Temporal Bone/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
The boundaries and shape of the lacrimal fossa and the bones that make it up are described in 120 skulls.
Subject(s)
Orbit/anatomy & histology , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
In a study of 80 cavernous sinuses in 40 cadavers, the trochlear nerve entered the cavernous sinus in 87.5% of cases before the crossing, in 7.5% at the crossing and in 5.0% after the crossing of the free and the attached margins of the tentorium cerebelli. In 77.5% of specimens the trochlear nerve showed a marked bend with flattening at the site of its entrance into the cavernous sinus. The nerve ran between the superficial and deep layers of dura, partly between them, in the thickness of the deeper layer, or deep to the deep layer but adherent to it. These findings do not conform with the description of its course by other workers in the past. In 72.5% of specimens the size of the trochlear nerve was larger during its course in the cavernous sinuses but in 20.0% of specimens such an increase in thickness was noted even in the posterior cranial fossa. Only in one specimen was the trochlear nerve adherent to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Cases showing the trochlear nerve entering the cavernous sinus after the crossing of the two margins of tentorium cerebelli and the splitting and branching of the trochlear nerve in the cavernous sinus have not hitherto been reported.
Subject(s)
Trochlear Nerve/anatomy & histology , Adult , Cavernous Sinus/anatomy & histology , Dura Mater/anatomy & histology , Female , Humans , Male , Ophthalmic Nerve/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
A study of the termination of the superficial middle cerebral vein in 140 human specimens revealed that in 80 cranial cavities (51.1%) the vein drained into both the sphenoparietal sinuses, in nine cranial cavities (6.4%) into the sphenoparietal and cavernous sinuses, and in 19 cranial cavities (13.6%) into the sphenoparietal sinuses and middle meningeal veins. In 20 cranial cavities (14.3%) the vein drained into the cavernous sinuses alone and in eight cranial cavities (5.7%) it drained into the cavernous sinuses and middle meningeal veins. In one cranial cavity (0.71%) it drained into the vein in the foramen lacerum and the sphenoparietal sinus, in one cranial cavity (0.71%) into the sphenoparietal sinus and the superior petrosal sinus, in one cranial cavity (0.71%) into the middle meningeal veins on either side, and in another cranial cavity (0.71%) into the superior sagittal sinus, a finding which has not been reported in the past. The presence of an uncal vein draining the medial surface of the temporal lobe was observed occasionally (5.7%) in this study. A part of the superficial middle cerebral vein and sphenoparietal sinus in the form of a vein running a short course between the two layers of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus is an observation previously not reported. This should be of value to neurosurgeons in the approach to the internal carotid artery through Parkinson's triangle.
Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Circulation , Female , Humans , Male , Veins/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
In this study of 110 cranial cavities from adult cadavers, the superior sagittal sinus was found to divide into two channels. In most cases, the division was associated with a dural partition. Essentially, the variations as observed in this study could be grouped into three types: Type 1 includes those specimens in which the sagittal sinus drains into one lateral sinus and the straight sinus into the other, with no connection between the two. Type 2 includes those specimens in which the superior sagittal sinuses and the straight sinus fork, and the forks from both sinuses join to form the lateral sinuses. Type 3 includes those specimens in which a confluence of sinuses exists, varying from a common pool to merely a potential confluence, depending upon the presence of pads, incomplete partitions, and complete partitions of dura mater. Rare findings previously not reported consist of double straight sinuses draining into one transverse sinus; the superior sagittal sinus dividing into three channels with two transverse sinuses on one side; a transverse sinus originating from a tentorial vein; and drainage of a tentorial vein into the confluence of sinuses.