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3.
J Hosp Infect ; 72(1): 50-6, 2009 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19272670

ABSTRACT

We studied healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) surveillance and control programmes in Spanish hospitals in 2006 and the human resources and materials used. A questionnaire on the structure, organisation and resources for HCAI surveillance and control was sent to all hospitals registered in the 2005 National Catalogue of Hospitals. A total of 237 hospitals (29.8%) responded, representing 55.9% of the beds included in the catalogue. Some 92% of hospitals had a surveillance and control programme, although 29.9% had had it for less than five years. Only 17.4% of hospitals had one infection control nurse per 250 beds, and only 36.2% had one infection control doctor per 500 beds. Surveillance is the main activity of those responsible for surveillance and control, and the most widely used systems are reviews of microbiology laboratory test results and studies of outbreaks, prevalence surveys, the incidence of certain procedures and of infection in critical care areas. Collaboration in multicentre studies is variable. EPINE, the prevalence survey of nosocomial infections in Spain, is performed annually in 80.5% of centres; ENVIN-UCI, a study of the incidence of infection in critically ill patients, is carried out in 24.8%, and the European study of the incidence of surgical infection, HELICS, in 22.7%. Priority should be given to improving specialised human resources and establishing common surveillance and control systems.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection/prevention & control , Infection Control/statistics & numerical data , Population Surveillance/methods , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals , Humans , Infection Control/methods , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Med. prev ; 14(4): 22-26, sept.-dic. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-139522

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de control de la infección nosocomial en el Hospital de Guadarrama de Madrid. Material y método: Estudio observacional prospectivo antes-después con intervención durante los años 2002-2006. Monitorización de la incidencia de infección nosocomial en seis cohartes de pacientes de tres Unidades de hospitalización. Monitorización de la calidad de los cuidados prestados mediante realización de audits de enfermería semestrales durante todo el período de estudio. Evaluación del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de higiene de manos mediante el consumo de solución alcohólica. Resultados: Se estudiaron 284 pacientes antes y 401 después de la intervención. La incidencia de infección disminuyó tras la intervención. Se realizaron un total de diez audits de enfermería a lo largo de los cinco años. Se incluyeron 580 pacientes y se evaluaron 1.406 cuidados. El cumplimiento global con los estándares de cuidados al inicio del estudio fue de 73% y de 83% al final del estudio. El consumo de solución alcohólica fue de 2 ml/estancia en el 2002 y de 20 ml/estancia en el 2006 (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La puesta en marcha de un programa de control de la infección nosocomial adaptado al tipo de pacientes y las características del hospital ha mostrado ser una herramienta eficaz para la mejora del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de cuidados y de la higiene de manos y en la disminución del riesgo de infección nosocomial (AU)


Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of an infection control program in the Hospital de Guadarrama, Madrid. Methods: In 2002.-2006 an observational prospective study before and after intervention was carried out. Incidence of Nosocomial infection in six cohorts of hospitalized patients in three Units was analysed. The quality of care provided by nurses to hospitalized patients was assessed through biannual audits. Compliance with hand hygiene was measured with the consumption of alcohol based handrub solution. Results: 284 patients before and 401 after the intervention were compared. Nosocomial Infection rates decreased after intervention. Ten audits were done in total during the five years of the study. 580 patients and 1406 observations were evaluated. Global compliance with protocols of care was 73% before and 83% after intervention. The consumption of alcohol-based handrub solution increased from 2 to 20 mL per patient-day between 2002 and 2006 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Introduction of an infection control program and adaptation to the patient hospitalized in a non-acute hospital produced a sustained improvement in compliance with protocols and hand hygiene, and reduction of nosocomial infections (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Infection Control/methods , Nursing Care/methods , Day Care, Medical/organization & administration , Clinical Protocols/standards , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Quality Indicators, Health Care
5.
Med. prev ; 14(2): 18-31, abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-60167

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) es un patógeno de gran trascendencia. Aunque existen numerosas guías para el control de este microorganismo, la aplicación de las medidas de control es heterogénea en los hospitales españoles. Este documento pretende ofrecer recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia, aplicables a nuestros centros, con el objetivo de reducir la transmisión de SARM en los centros sanitarios. Las recomendaciones se distribuyen en aspectos relacionados con la vigilancia, la detección activa de la colonización en pacientes y sanitarios, las medidas de control con los pacientes colonizados o infectados, el tratamiento de descolonización, la limpieza y desinfección ambiental, el consumo de antimicrobianos, las actuaciones en pacientes no hospitalizados y otros. Las medidas principales se refieren a una adecuada vigilancia, la higiene de manos, la detección activa de pacientes colonizados, el uso de precauciones de contacto y la limpieza ambiental (AU)


Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a very significant pathogen inside and outside hospitals. Although there are several guidelines with recommendations for the control of this microorganism, such measures are heterogeneously implemented in Spanish hospitals. The objective of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendation which are applicable to Spanish hospitals, with the aim to reduce the transmission of MRSA in our health care centers. The recommendations are classified in the following groups: surveillance, active surveillance of colonized patients and health are workers, control measures to be undertaken with colonized or infected patients, decolonization therapy, environmental cleaning and disinfection, antimicrobial consumption, actions with non-hospitalised patients, and other. The main recommended measures includes an appropriate surveillance, hand hygiene, implementation of active surveillance, contact precautions, and environmental cleaning (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Staphylococcal Infections/transmission , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Clinical Protocols , Epidemiological Monitoring , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Methicillin Resistance , Consensus
6.
An Med Interna ; 20(1): 10-5, 2003 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12666302

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Estimate the incidence and the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in a county hospital located in the north western area of the Autonomous Region of Madrid, to determine if there has been an increase due to immigration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tuberculosis cases from January, 1996 to June, 2001 were analysed, researched through the Microbiology and Pathologic Anatomy Laboratory, fetching information such as demographics, clinical studies and disease diagnostics from the different medical histories. RESULTS: A total of 66 tuberculosis cases were registered, ten of them among immigrants, with an incidence of 13/100,000 inhabitants in 1996, decreasing to a 7/100,000 incidence in 2000. The age average is 34 with double the incidence in males (31/100,000) than females (17/100,000). The main risk factor is alcoholism with 11 cases (16.7%). The most commonly used diagnostic tests were the thorax radiography (61/66, 92%) with 57 (93.4%) positive identifications, culture of esputo (47/66, 71%) with 32 (68%) positive ids, and the Mantoux test (28, 42%) with 20 (71.4%) positive ids. The location of the illness is mainly pleuro-pulmonar in 50 cases (75%). There were almost no atypical mycobacterium found (5 cases). Overall, response to treatment with 3 drugs (isoniacide, rifampicine, piracinamide) was good in 88% of patients, with the average treatment lasting 6.8 months (ED: 2.8). CONCLUSION: The incidence of tuberculosis in the north western area of Autonomous Community of Madrid is below that of the rest of our Community. It dipped in 1997 and has been stable around 9/100,000 inhabitants until 2000, even with the effect of immigration.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Spain , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Urban Health
7.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 20(1): 10-15, ene. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-17520

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia y las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes diagnosticado de Tuberculosis en un hospital comarcal de área noroeste de Madrid, para determinar si existe un aumento de la incidencia debido a la inmigración. Material y métodos: Se revisaron los casos de tuberculosis desde Enero de 1996 a Junio del 2001, buscados a través del laboratorio de anatomía patológica y microbiología, recogiendo de las historias clínicas datos demográficos, clínicos y diagnósticos de la enfermedad. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 66 tuberculosis (10 de ellos en inmigrantes) con una incidencia del 13/100.000 habitantes en el 1996, descendiendo hasta una incidencia del 7/100.000 en el 2000. La mediana de la edad es de 34 años con una incidencia del doble en varones (31/100.000 habitantes) respecto a las mujeres (17/100.000). El factor de riesgo predominante es el alcoholismo con 11 casos (16.7%). Las pruebas diagnosticas más empleadas fueron la radiografía de tórax realizada en 61/66 (92%) y fue positiva en 57 (93,4%), BAAR 59 (89%) siendo positiva 34 (57,6%), cultivo de esputo 47 (71%) dando positiva 32 (68%) y el Mantoux 28 (42%) siendo positiva 20 (71.4%). La localización de la enfermedad es principalmente pleuro-pulmonar 50 casos (75%). No se tipificaron prácticamente mycobacterias atípicas (5 casos). Hubo una buena respuesta al tratamiento siendo tratados con tres fármacos (isoniacida, rifampicina y piracinamida) el 88% de los pacientes con un tiempo de duración de 6,8 meses (DE: 2,8). Conclusión: La incidencia de tuberculosis en el área noroeste de Madrid es inferior al resto de la Comunidad de Madrid, descendió en el 1997 y se ha mantenido en el 9/100.000 hasta el 2000 pese al aumento de la inmigración (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adolescent , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Spain , Tuberculosis , Urban Health , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Emigration and Immigration
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