Diet-induced modulation of pharmacokinetics of albendazole in Sahiwal cattle.

The influence of diet type and pre-treatment fasting on the kinetic disposition of albendazole was evaluated in Sahiwal heifers following oral and intra-ruminal administration of the drug. The anthelmintically active moiety albendazole sulphoxide appeared early and was eliminated early in cattle offered green fodder, with decreased maximum concentration (C max) and area under concentration-time curve (AUC) when the drug was administered both through oral and intra-ruminal routes. Further, the elimination half-life (t ½ß) revealed significantly increased values for albendazole sulphoxide in cattle administered albendazole through the intra-ruminal route. An increased AUC and t ½ß is reflective of increased bioavailability of albendazole in animals offered dry fodder. Increased values (P <  0.05) of C max, time to C max (T max), AUC and t ½ß for albendazole sulphoxide occurred in cattle with a pre-treatment 24-h fast, resulting in its increased bioavailability. Extrapolation of data of the active metabolite albendazole sulphoxide levels in terms of drug-parasite contact revealed increased exposure of parasites to the drug in cattle administered albendazole through the intra-ruminal route and with 24-h pre-treatment fasting.

Hydrogeochemistry of boron in borewell water of Durgapur coal mine area, District Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India.

Two formations, Barakar and Talchir belonging to Lower Gondwana sequence form aquifer in Durgapur area. Groundwater of these formations sampled for boron investigation in two seasons, Post-monsoon and Pre-monsoon. The water quality differed from aquifer to aquifer, mainly with respect to conductivity and B contents. Talchir groundwater shows greater conductivity and greater B content than Barakar groundwater. The maximum concentration of B was found in Talchir pre-monsoon groundwater. Greater B in Talchir groundwater is attributed to glacio-marine environment of sediment deposition. The correlation of B with major ions also varies. It shows positive correlation with conductivity, Na, HCO3 and SO4 in Barakar groundwater and with SO4 in Talchir groundwater. Seasonal variation in concentration of B exists but not appreciable.