Glycerol rhizotomy via a retrosigmoid approach as an alternative treatment for trigeminal neuralgia.

OBJECTIVES: Trigeminal neuralgia is a sensory nerve disorder characterized by lancinating pain and treated most commonly with carbamazepine, rhizotomy treatment, or open surgical management with microvascular decompression. We describe a novel technique to complement surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia via direct injection of the trigeminal nerve with glycerin in the cisternal portion of the nerve. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who received standard microvascular decompression and injection of glycerin to the inferior third of the cisternal portion of the nerve anterior to the root entry zone with lack of a compressive vessel on MRI as the primary indication. Fourteen patients were identified and demographic information, post-operative course and complications were recorded. RESULTS: There were eleven females and three males with an average age at time of surgery of 54.8 years. 100% of patients reported that their trigeminal pain was significantly improved following surgical intervention. Four out of fourteen patients reported a 50-80% decrease from the pre-surgery baseline pain at one month and three month follow up. One patient developed a CSF leak, and no surgical site infections or motor deficits were observed. CONCLUSION: Intra-operative glycerin rhizotomy in conjunction with microvascular decompression can be used to safely treat patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia.

Indium-111 diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid scintigraphy in the evaluation of function and patency of baclofen intrathecal infusion systems.

OBJECT: Baclofen pump infusion systems are used for the treatment of patients with severe spasticity. When symptoms do not respond to infusion rate increases, the cause may be pump malfunction or catheter obstruction. The purpose of this investigation was to review the authors' experience with indium-111 diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (In-111 DTPA) scintigraphy for evaluation of baclofen infusion system function and patency and to correlate scintigraphic findings with patient treatment and outcome to determine optimal methodology and diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Ten scintigraphic studies acquired in eight patients (five adults, three adolescents) were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging was routinely performed at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after injection of In-111 DTPA into the pump reservoir. The results of the studies were interpreted by two nuclear medicine physicians who had no knowledge of the patients' clinical history or outcome. The scintigraphic findings (for example, radiotracer detected in the basal cisterns, cervical or thoracolumbar regions, infusion catheter, and pump) were recorded and correlated with neuroimaging findings, patient history, treatment, and clinical response to therapy. RESULTS: In cases in which the basal cistern could be visualized at any time and those in which radiotracer was visualized in the thoracolumbar intrathecal region within 48 hours, the pump systems were functional and symptoms responded to an increase in infusion rate. One patient in whom activity was visualized in the thoracolumbar intrathecal region by 72 hours also experienced clinical improvement with a flow rate increase. Visualization of the pump alone or only the pump and the subcutaneous catheter was consistent with catheter obstruction or pump malfunction. CONCLUSION: The use of In-111 DTPA scintigraphy of intrathecal baclofen infusion systems can play an important role in determining the functional status of these systems and guiding subsequent patient care.