ABSTRACT
The rate of growth of Leishmania major and L. infantum in El-On's culture media supplemented with human, dog, rat and avian blood was studied in vitro. Rabbit blood was used as a control. The effect of culture with these types of blood on the infectivity of both Leishmania strains to albino mice was also studied. The results showed that a good yield of both L. major and L. infantum parasites can be obtained in culture by using avian blood as substitute for rabbit blood in El-ON's medium. In addition, rat blood gave good results with L. infantum. The morphological forms of L. major and L. infantum on all types of blood supplemented media: elongated promastigotes, spindle promastigotes, paramastigotes and amastigoes were present all through the culture period with variable percentages. The infectivity to experimental animals was not affected by culture of both Leishmania strains on rabbit, human, rat, dog as well as avian blood supplemented media.
Subject(s)
Leishmania infantum/growth & development , Leishmania major/growth & development , Animals , Blood/metabolism , Culture Media/chemistry , Dogs , Humans , Leishmania infantum/pathogenicity , Leishmania major/pathogenicity , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/physiopathology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/physiopathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Parasitology/methods , Rabbits , RatsABSTRACT
The pancreatic tissue showed deposition of S. mansoni eggs on the 8th week of infection, multiple granulomata, interstitial oedema, inflammatory infiltrate, acinar atrophy and decrease in the size of islets of Langerhans. It was found that the most effective dose of praziquantel in such changes was 300 mg/kg/mouse, irrespective of being administered once or in three divided doses every four hours in the same day.
Subject(s)
Pancreas/pathology , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Schistosomiasis mansoni/drug therapy , Animals , Mice , Pancreas/parasitology , Praziquantel/administration & dosage , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathologyABSTRACT
The effects of cryotherapy, transcleral massage, or directed irrigation on exposed retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells at the base of an experimental retinal hole were studied in living rabbit eyes. Cryotherapy or massage with or without vitrectomy failed to release RPE cells or result in preretinal membrane formation. Directed irrigation dispersed viable RPE cells into the vitreous and produced cellular precipitates with membranes on the inferior retina, although the membranes tended to regress within 6 weeks after surgery. These results suggest that healthy RPE cells at the base of retinal tears are not easily released into the vitreous and may not contribute to the formation of preretinal membranes found in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Subject(s)
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/ultrastructure , Retinal Perforations/pathology , Animals , Cell Movement , Cryosurgery , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Physical Stimulation , Rabbits , Therapeutic Irrigation , VitrectomyABSTRACT
Stool specimens of 100 cases attending the outpatient clinic of Cairo Medical Center Hospital suffering from gastro-intestinal disturbances were examined for intestinal parasites by direct smear, trichrome stained smear and formol ethyl acetate concentration methods. Although formol ethyl acetate concentration method gave the best results (45%), followed by trichrome stain (37%) then direct smear (32%) yet, for a reliable diagnosis a combination of several techniques is required.
Subject(s)
Feces/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Evaluation Studies as Topic , HumansABSTRACT
This study revealed that the adhesive disc of Giardia lamblia trophozoite has different forms. The anterior limitation of the ventrolateral flange to the adhesive disc and its flexibility suggests its participation in the mechanism of attachment of the trophozoite. Normal intestinal crypts promote attachment of Giardia trophozoite by providing a passive mechanical barrier against the main peristaltic flow. The mechanism of attachment is described in details.
Subject(s)
Giardia/ultrastructure , Giardiasis/parasitology , Animals , Cell Adhesion , Humans , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
Many potential complications associated with retrobulbar anesthesia have been reported. Of these, sudden loss of vision in the contralateral eye is the least expected. We report a case of immediate loss of vision in the fellow eye after retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction. Possible etiology such as emboli thrown during ventricular fibrillation, direct optic nerve anesthetic injection with reflux to the chiasm, cortical stroke, amaurosis fugax, arterial injection of anesthetic material, and hysteric reaction are discussed.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Blindness/etiology , Aged , Humans , Lenses, Intraocular , Male , Visual Acuity , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
The ultrastructure of penetrating Giardia lamblia trophozoites in immunosuppressed albino rats is described for the first time. Recorded changes in the general contour of the parasite; loss of flagellae, and suction disc, disappearance of the endoplasmic reticulum, appearance of abundant electron dense coarse granules as well as large sized vacuoles opening to outside, are probably modifications associated with penetration and accommodation to the new environment. Penetration appears to be due to activity of the trophozoite rather than passive transfer by tissue macrophages.
Subject(s)
Giardia/ultrastructure , Giardiasis/parasitology , Animals , Giardia/pathogenicity , Giardiasis/immunology , Immunosuppression Therapy , RatsABSTRACT
Patients receiving antimalarial therapy, specifically hydroxychloroquine, for different periods were evaluated using contrast sensitivity test (CST) and results were compared with those of electro-retinography (EOG), and pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP), and a matching age control group. The results indicated CST to be most sensitive of the evaluated techniques particularly in patients under 40 years old. In 44.4% of the cases CST revealed macular dysfunction of which the other two methods of examination were not capable. Our findings suggest the CST is a reliable and practical method which could be used as an additional screening test for chloroquine maculopathy.
Subject(s)
Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects , Macula Lutea/drug effects , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Vision Screening/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Contrast Sensitivity , Electrooculography , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pattern Recognition, Automated , Predictive Value of Tests , Random Allocation , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
A retrospective study of 330 cataract surgery patients was undertaken to verify some of the differences between men and women. Six parameters were analyzed: the age of the patient at the time of surgery, the axial length, the lens implant power selected for emmetropia, the keratometry readings, and the corneal astigmatism. We found only one significant difference between the male and female groups. More women required cataract surgery than men by a 2:1 ratio. There were no significant differences in the other parameters. We conclude that these parameters need not be considered in the decision-making process regarding cataract and intraocular lens implant patients.
Subject(s)
Cataract/pathology , Eye/pathology , Age Factors , Aged , Astigmatism/complications , Astigmatism/physiopathology , Cataract/complications , Cataract Extraction , Cornea/pathology , Female , Humans , Lenses, Intraocular , Male , Retrospective Studies , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Seven human corneas were studied, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, for expression of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class-I and class-II antigens on the epithelial cells of the central 8-mm corneal button and the remaining corneal periphery and limbus. The antigenicity was compared with that of Raji and Daudi cell lines, which served as controls. It was demonstrated that the epithelium of the two corneal parts shows a high expression of HLA class-I antigens, albeit not as strong as that found in the control cell lines. On the other hand, HLA class-II antigens were found only in the limbal-peripheral area. Expression of the HLA class-I antigens was weaker in the central portion of the cornea. It is proposed that the absence of HLA class-II antigens expression in the central portion of the cornea offers an additional explanation for the greater success of small corneal grafts, since the recognition step necessary for the immunological response is lacking.
Subject(s)
Cornea/immunology , HLA Antigens/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Cadaver , Child , Child, Preschool , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epithelium/immunology , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis , Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/analysis , Humans , Infant , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Liver Diseases, Parasitic/immunology , Niridazole/therapeutic use , Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology , Splenectomy , Splenic Diseases/immunology , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/therapy , Schistosomiasis mansoni/therapy , Splenic Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Two cases of intralenticular foreign bodies are reported. In the first, a foreign body composed of copper had been embedded in the lens for about 40 years, but had produced only a localized cataract. In the second, the foreign body, presumably composed of stone, remained undiagnosed for one and a half years. In both cases extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation was performed, which restored good visual acuity.
