ABSTRACT
Transgender (TG) people experience a gender identity that is different from their anatomical sex. For their high-risk sex behavior, they are important group for targeted intervention of HIV/AIDS. The objective of the study was to find the sexual behavior of TG people and to assess few aspects of their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. This cross-sectional survey was done from June to August 2012, in field practice area of "Kosish," a nongovernmental organization run by TGs in Alipore of Kolkata metropolitan city, India. Information was collected by interviewing 90 TG of 11 selected hotspots using a predesigned questionnaire. Results revealed that 4.5% were illiterate. Drug abuse was reported by 22.2% participants. Inconsistent condom use was found. Venereal disease research laboratory reactivity was found in 11.11%. Nearly 16.7% had experienced sexual violence in the past 3 months. Thus, interventions for overall empowerment of the TGs are recommended.
Subject(s)
Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Transgender Persons/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Condoms/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , India , Male , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
About 400 million individuals worldwide have been affected by the inherited disorder of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency that predisposes individuals to neonatal jaundice or hemolytic crisis due to drugs or infections. A descriptive observational study with longitudinal design was undertaken among 109 live newborns, delivered in labor room of IPGME and R, Kolkata during the period from June to August 2009. An objective of the study was to estimate the occurrence of G6PD deficiency among newborns and its association with different socio-demographic, clinical and gestational characteristics. 14.68% newborns were found G6PD deficient. This occurrence was not significantly related to gender, religion and ethnicity, consanguineous marriage of the parents, gestational age and birth weight of the baby. Development of severe jaundice (total serum bilirubin >15 mg/dl) was found 23.8% among G6PD deficient babies and 12.5% among non-G6PD deficient. This difference was statistically not significant.
Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/epidemiology , Jaundice, Neonatal/epidemiology , Mass Screening , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Male , Neonatal Screening , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Dietary Sucrose/administration & dosage , Pain/prevention & control , Administration, Oral , Dietary Sucrose/pharmacology , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , India , Infant , Injections, Subcutaneous/adverse effects , Male , Pain/diagnosis , Pain/etiology , Pain Measurement/methodsABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases, mostly a lifestyle related disease is going to be an epidemic in near future. Eighty per cent deaths due to cardiovascular diseases occur in low and middle-income group of people. A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken among 208 care-providers of different departments of the Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata to assess the prevalence of general, physical activity related and dietary risk factors. The study subjects were classified into medical (doctors), auxiliary (nurses, technical staffs) and supportive (peons, sweepers) categories according to their job responsibilities. With the help of risk factor scoring system developed by the investigators the prevalence of different category of risk factors were compared among different categories of care-providers in association with some related biological characteristics. The general risk factors found significantly increased (p < 0.001) with increase in age. The physical activity related risk scores were more in females than males. But the difference was not statistically significant. The supportive staffs had significantly higher general risk factors than doctors and auxiliary staffs. Regarding physical activity related risk factors it was significantly lower in supportive staffs than the other two categories. The picture was different in case of dietary risk factors that were found to be significantly lowest among auxiliary staffs.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Personnel, Hospital , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Female , Humans , India , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Burn injuries constitute a major public health problem. A hospital-based descriptive observational study was conducted among 83 burn patients admitted in the Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata in 2008 to assess the demographic and clinical profile of burn patients and to study the medicolegal and social causes. Majority of patients were females (61.5%), literates (78.4%), hindus (79.5%) and in the age group of 20-39 years (56.6%). Occupation-wise housewives were 36.1% followed by students (16.8%).Majority of the cases (61.4%) were accidental whereas suicidal and homicidal cases were 18.1% and 20.5% respectively. According to the size 25.3% patients had 20% -39% of body surface burns and 21.7% had 80% or more burns. 53% of the cases were given blood transfusion and 23.5% died in the study period.
