ABSTRACT
Gossypol, a phytotoxicant in cotton-seed oil, has been found to sensitize Tb(III)-luminescence in a supramolecular hydrogel. Based on this observation, a paper-based sensor has been developed to detect gossypol with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.9 nM. This is the first report of water-based detection with the highest sensitivity involving turn-on time-gated luminescence. This method was also able to sense gossypol in commercial crude cotton-seed oil.
ABSTRACT
Norfloxacin and ofloxacin are two frequently prescribed second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotics with an identical 4-quinolone chromophore and hence, are difficult to distinguish by conventional methods (UV or fluorescence). We have designed a Tb3+/Eu3+/cholate cocktail that enabled us to differentiate these two drugs and rapidly measure their concentrations when present together. Additionally, a Tb3+-cholate gel-based paper sensor was developed to detect and quantify them in a single drug containing system with a limit of detection (LOD) well below 100 nM.
ABSTRACT
2D semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show a rare combination of physical properties that include a large-enough bandgap to ensure sufficient current modulation in transistors, matching electron and hole mobility for complimentary logic operation, and sufficient mechanical flexibility of the nanosheets. Moreover, the solvent-exfoliated TMD-nanosheets may also be processed at low temperatures and onto a wide variety of substrates. However, the poor inter-flake transport in solution-cast 2D-TMD network transistors hinders the realization of high device mobility and current modulations that the intraflake transistors can regularly demonstrate. In this regard, fully printed and electrolyte-gated, narrow-channel MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) with simultaneous high current saturation (>310 µA µm-1 ) and on-off ratio (>106 ) are proposed here. The transport limitation is overcome by printing an additional metal layer onto the 2D-TMD nanosheet channel, which substantially shortens the effective channel lengths and results in predominant intraflake transport. In addition, a channel-capacitance-modulation induced subthermionic transport is recorded, which leads to a subthreshold slope value as low as 7.5 mV dec-1 . On the other hand, thermionic MOSFETs and fully printed depletion-mode NMOS inverters are also presented. The demonstrated generic approach involving chemically exfoliated nanosheet inks and the absolute device yield indicates the feasibility of fully printed 2D-TMD electronics.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing worldwide. Thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) has been proposed for risk stratification of thyroid nodules to improve categorical management. Fine needle aspiration cytology based on Bethesda system for reporting of thyroid cytopathology (BSRTC) plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of thyroid nodule microscopically. Both the systems, the TIRADS and the latest revised BSRTC 2017, are widely recommended and practiced all over the world, but the correlation between the two systems has not been established. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the intermediate Bethesda categories of thyroid lesions and their correlation with the corresponding TIRADS categories. MATERIALS AND METHOD: It was a prospective cross-sectional study over 1 year including 69 patients aged 18 years or older having solitary thyroid nodules. All cases were triaged using both TIRADS and BSRTC 2017 and the diagnostic performances were compared with subsequent paraffin sections to evaluate ROM. Correlation between TIRADS and BSRTC systems was expressed as kappa value. RESULT: Good concordance was observed between TIRADS and BSRTC systems in the evaluation of benign thyroid nodule lesions (category 2-II). There was discordance in follicular lesions (category 4-IV). The kappa value generated (0.411) revealed moderate agreement between the two risk stratification systems. CONCLUSION: Careful application of both grading systems is essential for the proper segregation of thyroid nodules to facilitate effective clinical and surgical management. However, universally acceptable protocols need to be developed to avoid the heterogeneous approach.
ABSTRACT
In this study, grape seeds were extracted using ethyl acetate and petroleum ether by solvent-solvent extraction method. The phytochemical tests were performed to identify different phytochemical compounds present in the grape seed extract (GSE). Antibacterial activity of the GSE was determined using agar diffusion method against Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done to identify the presence of bioactive compounds and their functional groups. The GC-MS results revealed a total of four compounds, known to have potent activity against cancer cells, viz, squalene, the most potent compound found in ethyl acetate extract and diethyl phthalate, ethyl-9- cis -11- trans octadecadienoate and (R)-(-)-14,-methyl-8-Hexadecyn-1-ol in petroleum ether extract. Cytotoxic activity of the GSE was observed against skin cancer cell lines A4321 using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay. The IC50 value of the GSE against A431 skin cancer cell line was 480 µg/mL. This is first such report against A4321 cell lines. The study gives the overall perception about importance of GSE in medicine and nutraceuticals purposes.
