Clinical profile and spectrum of bacteriuria in patients with diabetes: An analytical study.

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the modern-day epidemics with a spectrum of complications. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common among patients with diabetes, and often it goes unnoticed in the initial period, which can later lead to complications. This study was planned to find out the magnitude of the problem of bacteriuria among diabetics and to look for its associated factors in diabetics. Methodology: A hospital-based study recruiting 100 eligible diabetics consecutively over a period of one year. Socio-demographic data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and clinical examinations with relevant investigations were done. Informed written consent was taken. Results: Bacteriuria was found in 43 out of 100 participants. Prevalence was significantly more among females (54%) as compared to males (32%). Factors like poor glycaemic control, complications like neuropathy, diabetic foot were significantly associated with bacteriuria. E Coli was the most common bacterial isolate. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is common in diabetic patients, especially females, and other clinical factors like uncontrolled sugar levels also play a role.

A study to predict fracture risk using bone mineral density and FRAX score in patients on chronic maintenance haemodialysis.

Introduction: Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are important causes of morbidity also their diagnosis often delayed and require a spectrum of investigations. The current study attempts to predict and correlate, the fracture risk using simple tools like BMD and FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) score in CKD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 50 CKD patients age more that 40 years attending OPD (Out Patient Department) at a tertiary care Hospital in north India. Results: There is a negative correlation between BMD (NOF) and FRAX score for hip fracture risk and major osteoporotic fracture risk. Conclusion: The 10-year fracture risk in these patients, as predicted by FRAX score using FRAX (Indian) calculator, was significantly higher in CKD patients. Recommendation: FRAX can be useful tool for early screening of fracture risk in such situations for timely interventions.