ABSTRACT
Predicting unfavorable outcome is of paramount importance in clinical decision making. Accordingly, we designed this multinational study, which provided the largest case series of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). 43 centers from 14 countries (Albania, Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey) submitted data of microbiologically confirmed TBM patients hospitalized between 2000 and 2012. Unfavorable outcome was defined as survival with significant sequela or death. In developing our index, binary logistic regression models were constructed via 200 replicates of database by bootstrap resampling methodology. The final model was built according to the selection frequencies of variables. The severity scale included variables with arbitrary scores proportional to predictive powers of terms in the final model. The final model was internally validated by bootstrap resampling. A total of 507 patients' data were submitted among which 165 had unfavorable outcome. Eighty-six patients died while 119 had different neurological sequelae in 79 (16%) patients. The full model included 13 variables. Age, nausea, vomiting, altered consciousness, hydrocephalus, vasculitis, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus and neurological deficit remained in the final model. Scores 1-3 were assigned to the variables in the severity scale, which included scores of 1-6. The distribution of mortality for the scores 1-6 was 3.4, 8.2, 20.6, 31, 30 and 40.1%, respectively. Altered consciousness, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, neurological deficits, hydrocephalus, and vasculitis predicted the unfavorable outcome in the scoring and the cumulative score provided a linear estimation of prognosis.
Subject(s)
Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/therapy , Adult , Clinical Trials as Topic , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , International Cooperation , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Nervous System Diseases , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/mortalityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In the past, Staphylococcus aureus infections have displayed various patterns of epidemiologic curves in hospitals, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to characterize the current trend in a nationwide survey of ICUs in Turkey. METHODS: A total of 88 ICUs from 36 Turkish tertiary hospitals were included in this retrospective study, which was performed during the first 3 months of both 2008 (period [P] 1) and 2011 (P2). A P value ≤.01 was considered significant. RESULTS: Although overall rates of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and device-associated infection densities were similar in P1 and P2, the densities of HAIs due to S aureus and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) were significantly lower in P2 (P < .0001). However, the proportion of HAIs due to Acinetobacter was significantly higher in P2 (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of S aureus infections is declining rapidly in Turkish ICUs, with potential impacts on empirical treatment strategies in these ICUs.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Humans , Incidence , Intensive Care Units , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Turkey/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. Francisella tularensis is transmitted to humans by direct contact or ingestion of infected animal tissues, through the bite of infected arthropods, by consumption of contaminated food or water, or from inhalation of aerolized bacteria. In this report we describe 2 cases with oropharyngeal tularemia who presented with tonsillopharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis.
Subject(s)
Lymphadenitis/microbiology , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Tularemia/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Female , Francisella tularensis , Humans , Neck , Tularemia/drug therapy , Tularemia/microbiology , Zoonoses/microbiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine oxidative stress in patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis B. DESIGN AND METHODS: 23 (11 F, 12 M) healthy controls, 23 (8 F, 15 M) patients with acute viral hepatitis B (AVHB) and 25 (9 F, 16 M) patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (CVHB) were studied. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes (CD), ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubins, beta-carotene and whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH) levels of all subjects were measured. In patients with CVHB, these parameters were measured both before and 6 months after treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). RESULTS: MDA, CD, ALT, AST and total and direct bilirubin levels of the patients with AVHB and CVHB before treatment were significantly higher (P<0.001) whereas GSH and beta-carotene levels were lower (P<0.001) than those of the controls. MDA, CD, GSH, beta-carotene, ALT, AST and total and direct bilirubin levels of the patients with CVHB returned approximately to normal levels 6 months after treatment with IFN-alpha. CONCLUSION: Our results clearly show that patients with AVHB and CVHB are under the influence of increased oxidative stress (MDA and CD were increased) associated with lower levels of some antioxidants (beta-carotene and GSH). These impairments return to normal levels after IFN-alpha treatment of CVHB patients. These findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation might be considered in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B.
