ABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar boas práticas de cuidados para aspiração das vias aéreas de pacientes adultos, implementadas por profissionais de Enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo exploratório-descritivo, desenvolvido com 28 profissionais de Enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto no sul do Brasil, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e análise temática dos dados. Resultados: as boas práticas para a aspiração das vias aéreas foram configuradas em cinco categorias Critérios utilizados para definir a necessidade de aspiração; Biossegurança na aspiração das vias aéreas; Cuidados no procedimento de aspiração; Cuidados após o procedimento de aspiração; e Dificuldades encontradas pelos profissionais de enfermagem no procedimento. Conclusões: as boas práticas para a aspiração de vias aéreas estão relacionadas com a avaliação do paciente para identificar a necessidade do procedimento, monitorar complicações durante e após o procedimento e garantir o melhor resultado clínico.(AU)
Objetivo: identificar buenas prácticas de cuidado para aspiración de las vías respiratorias de pacientes adultos, implementadas por profesionales de enfermería de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, desarrollado con 28 profesionales de enfermería en una unidad de cuidados intensivos para adultos en el sur del Brasil, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada y un análisis temático. Resultados: las buenas prácticas para la aspiración de las vías respiratorias se configuraron en cinco categorías Criterios utilizados para definir la necesidad de aspiración; Bioseguridad en la aspiración de las vías respiratorias; Cuidado en el procedimiento de aspiración; Cuidado después del procedimiento de aspiración; y Dificultades encontradas por los profesionales de enfermería en el procedimiento. Conclusiones: las buenas prácticas para la aspiración de las vías respiratorias están relacionadas con la evaluación del paciente para identificar la necesidad del procedimiento, vigilar las complicaciones durante y después del procedimiento y asegurar el mejor resultado clínico.(AU)
Objective: to identify best practices care for airway aspiration of adult patients, implemented by Intensive Care Unit Nursing professionals. Method: qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, developed with 28 nursing professionals in an adult intensive care unit in southern Brazil, through semi-structured interview and thematic analysis of data. Results: best practices for airway aspiration were configured in five categories Criteria used to define the need for aspiration; Biosafety in airway aspiration; Care in aspiration procedure; Care after aspiration procedure; and Difficulties encountered by nursing professionals in the procedure. Conclusions: best practices for airway aspiration are related to patient assessment to identify the need for the procedure, monitor complications during and after the procedure, and ensure the best clinical outcome. Care is also taken to ensure biosafety, considering the risk to the patient and to the professional who operates the procedure.(AU)
Subject(s)
Suction , Nursing , Intensive Care Units , Nursing CareABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a incidência do diagnóstico de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período de três meses. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva da região sul do Brasil. Foram analisadas as características clínicas obtidas no prontuário e exame físico de 31 pacientes, admitidos entre março e maio de 2018, por distribuição de frequência, e análise bivariada com teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: 54,8% dos pacientes desenvolveram Volume de Líquidos Excessivo, prevalecendo as características definidoras: edema, hemoglobina e hematócrito diminuídos, anasarca e desequilíbrio eletrolítico. Comprometimento neurológico, ventilação mecânica, sedação e mais de quatro dias de internação foram evidenciados como principais fatores relacionados. Considerações finais: este estudo contribui para a acurácia diagnóstica do Volume de Líquidos Excessivo dos pacientes internados em terapia intensiva e amplia a possibilidade de desenvolvimento deste diagnóstico de enfermagem.
RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la incidencia del diagnóstico de enfermería Volumen Líquido Excesivo em pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos durante un periodo de tres meses. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio, en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del sur de Brasil. Las características clínicas obtenidas en registros médicos y exámenes físicos de 31 pacientes, ingresados entre marzo y mayo de 2018 se analizaron mediante la distribución de frecuencias y el análisis bivariado con el test de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: El 54,8% de los pacientes desarrollaron un Volumen Líquido Excesivo, predominando las características definitorias: edema, hemoglobina y hematocrito disminuidos, anasarca y desequilibrio electrolítico. El deterioro neurológico, la ventilación mecánica, la sedación y más de cuatro días de hospitalización se evidenciaron como los principales factores relacionados. Consideraciones finales: este estudio contribuye a la precisión diagnóstica del Volumen Líquido Excesivo en pacientes hospitalizados en cuidados intensivos y amplía la posibilidad de desarrollar este diagnóstico de enfermería.
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the incidence of the Excess Fluid Volume nursing diagnosis in patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit, in the period of three months. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study, in an Intensive Care Unit in the southern region of Brazil. The clinical characteristics obtained from the medical records and physical examination of 31 patients, admitted between March and May 2018, were analyzed by frequency distribution, and bivariate analysis with Chi-square test. Results: 54,8% of patients developed Excess Fluid Volume, with the defining characteristics prevailing: edema, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, anasarca and electrolyte imbalance. Neurological impairment, mechanical ventilation, sedation, and more than four days of hospitalization were evidenced as the main related factors. Final considerations: this study contributes to the diagnostic accuracy of the Excess Fluid Volume of patients hospitalized in intensive therapy and expands the possibility of developing this nursing diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The distinction between chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is important because of their different prognosis and treatment. Non-invasive methods have been described to be useful in differentiating FPHL from CTE. This prospective study investigated the use of the washing method to differentiate CTE from mild FPHL. METHODS: Twenty patients with CTE and 17 with FPHL were recruited and followed for 18 months. The diagnosis was established through clinical, laboratory, and histological studies. The patients were asked to abstain from washing their hair for 5 days and then shampoo and collect all hair shed in the process. Hair shafts were then counted and divided into two groups: up to 3 cm in length or longer. RESULTS: In the CTE group, the mean hair count was high (438), and in all cases, <10% were short. In patients with FPHL, the mean count was not as high (215) and in only one patient, short hairs comprised <10% of the total. The greater the number of long hairs, the higher was the density of terminal follicles seen histologically. The CTE group presented a greater number of patients with serum iron values <70 µg/dl. Ferritin levels ranged from 6.98 to 128.33, average of 66.65 (CTE), and 16.5-304.8, average of 114.97 ng/ml (FPHL), but no significant differences were found. CONCLUSION: The washing test can be useful to avoid biopsy procedures. Iron serum levels are possibly an additional parameter that may improve CTE diagnosis if combined with an earlier test.
Subject(s)
Alopecia/diagnosis , Alopecia/pathology , Hair/pathology , Adult , Aged , Alopecia/blood , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Ferritins/blood , Hair Follicle/pathology , Humans , Iron/blood , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of acidogenic challenge on microhardness of enamel adjacent to adhesive restorations in primary and permanent teeth. METHODS: Occlusal cavities were prepared and immediately restored with two adhesive systems and a composite resin. The specimens were divided into eight groups, according to the type of tooth (primary or permanent), adhesive system (etch-and-rinse or self-etching), and treatment (control or acidogenic challenge). The cariogenic challenge groups were submitted to pH cycling for 10 days. The teeth were prepared for a cross-section microhardness test. Analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data (α=5 percent). RESULTS: The adhesive systems did not influence the enamel microhardness (P<.27). Primary teeth were more susceptible to acidogenic challenge (P=.004). The microhardness values for control groups were statistically similar at different indentation depths (P>.05); however, in the acidogenic challenge groups, lower microhardness values were observed in superficial measurements (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acidogenic challenge negatively influenced the microhardness of the enamel surface adjacent to adhesive restorations. Mineral loss was higher in primary teeth and on the enamel surface.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins/pharmacology , Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Cements/pharmacology , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Hardness , Resin Cements/pharmacology , Acetic Acid , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , In Vitro Techniques , Random Allocation , Surface Properties , Tooth Demineralization , Tooth, DeciduousABSTRACT
CONTEXTO: O eritema elevatum diutinum é uma dermatose crônica, rara, variante clínica da vasculite leucocitoclástica, provavelmente mediada por imunocomplexos. Está sendo incluído no grupo das dermatoses específicas associadas à infecção pelo HIV. Em geral, associa-se a outros processos infecciosos, auto-imunes e neoplásicos. RELATO DE CASO: Relatamos o caso de um paciente em que a manifestação cutânea de eritema elevatum diutinum foi a primeira evidência clínica para diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV. O tratamento foi feito com dapsona e se obteve regressão parcial das lesões após 15 dias, mesmo antes de o esquema anti-retroviral ser prescrito. CONCLUSÃO: Frente ao diagnóstico de eritema elevatum diutinum, deve-se investigar a infecção pelo HIV, principalmente nas apresentações clínicas atípicas e exacerbadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Erythema/etiology , HIV Infections/complications , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/etiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Dapsone/therapeutic use , Erythema/diagnosis , Erythema/drug therapy , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/drug therapyABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Erythema elevatum diutinum is a chronic and rare dermatosis that is considered to be a variant of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It is probably mediated by immune complexes. It is generally associated with autoimmune, neoplastic and infectious processes. Recently, it has been added to the group of specific dermatoses that are associated with HIV. CASE REPORT: We report on the case of a patient who had erythema elevatum diutinum as the first clinical evidence for diagnosing HIV infection. Dapsone was used in the treatment of this patient, and partial regression of the lesions was achieved within 15 days, even before anti-retroviral therapy was prescribed. CONCLUSION: When there is a diagnosis of erythema elevatum diutinum, HIV infection should be investigated, especially in atypical and exacerbated clinical manifestations.
