ABSTRACT
This Letter describes the medicinal chemistry effort towards a series of novel imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine derived inhibitors of ACK1. Virtual screening led to the discovery of the initial hit, and subsequent exploration of structure-activity relationships and optimization of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties led to the identification of potent, selective and orally bioavailable ACK1 inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Imidazoles/chemistry , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrazines/chemistry , Administration, Oral , Animals , Humans , Imidazoles/pharmacokinetics , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Mice , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Pyrazines/pharmacokinetics , Pyrazines/pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
This letter describes a series of small molecule inhibitors of IGF-1R with unique time-dependent binding kinetics and slow off-rates. Structure-activity and structure-kinetic relationships were elucidated and guided further optimizations within the series, culminating in compound 2. With an IGF-1R dissociative half-life (t 1/2) of >100 h, compound 2 demonstrated significant and extended PD effects in conjunction with tumor growth inhibition in xenograft models at a remarkably low and intermittent dose, which correlated with the observed in vitro slow off-rate properties.
ABSTRACT
The discovery and optimization of a series of imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine inhibitors of mTOR is described. HTS hits were optimized for potency, selectivity and metabolic stability to provide the orally bioavailable proof of concept compound 4c that demonstrated target inhibition in vivo and concomitant inhibition of tumor growth in an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model.
Subject(s)
Imidazoles/pharmacology , Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrazines/pharmacology , Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Oral , Cell Line, Tumor , Humans , Imidazoles/administration & dosage , Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 , Models, Molecular , Multiprotein Complexes , Pyrazines/administration & dosage , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Preclinical and emerging clinical evidence suggests that inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of several types of cancer. This Letter describes the medicinal chemistry effort towards a series of 8-amino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine derived inhibitors of IGF-1R which features a substituted quinoline moiety at the C1 position and a cyclohexyl linking moiety at the C3 position. Lead optimization efforts which included the optimization of structure-activity relationships and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties led to the identification of compound 9m, a potent, selective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of IGF-1R with in vivo efficacy in an IGF-driven mouse xenograft model.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Benzimidazoles/chemistry , Imidazoles/chemistry , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Pyrazines/chemistry , Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzimidazoles/pharmacokinetics , Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use , Mice , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pyrazines/pharmacokinetics , Pyrazines/therapeutic use , Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Transplantation, HeterologousABSTRACT
This report describes the investigation of a series of 5,7-disubstituted imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazine inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR). Structure-activity relationship exploration and optimization leading to the identification, characterization, and pharmacological activity of compound 9b, a potent, selective, well-tolerated, and orally bioavailable dual inhibitor of IGF-1R and IR with in vivo efficacy in tumor xenograft models, is discussed.
ABSTRACT
OSI-930 is a novel inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases Kit and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), which is currently being evaluated in clinical studies. OSI-930 selectively inhibits Kit and KDR with similar potency in intact cells and also inhibits these targets in vivo following oral dosing. We have investigated the relationships between the potency observed in cell-based assays in vitro, the plasma exposure levels achieved following oral dosing, the time course of target inhibition in vivo, and antitumor activity of OSI-930 in tumor xenograft models. In the mutant Kit-expressing HMC-1 xenograft model, prolonged inhibition of Kit was achieved at oral doses between 10 and 50 mg/kg and this dose range was associated with antitumor activity. Similarly, prolonged inhibition of wild-type Kit in the NCI-H526 xenograft model was observed at oral doses of 100 to 200 mg/kg, which was the dose level associated with significant antitumor activity in this model as well as in the majority of other xenograft models tested. The data suggest that antitumor activity of OSI-930 in mouse xenograft models is observed at dose levels that maintain a significant level of inhibition of the molecular targets of OSI-930 for a prolonged period. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic evaluation of the plasma exposure levels of OSI-930 at these effective dose levels provides an estimate of the target plasma concentrations that may be required to achieve prolonged inhibition of Kit and KDR in humans and which would therefore be expected to yield a therapeutic benefit in future clinical evaluations of OSI-930.
