Psychological values as protective factors against sexist attitudes in preadolescents / Valores psicológicos como factores de protección ante actitudes sexistas en preadolescentes

Background: Sexist attitudes are one of the factors that justify domestic violence. Positive psychology can provide keys to prevent sexist violence at an early age. Psychological values are a group of psychological strengths in a person’s development. They provide important clues for the prevention of gender-based violence. Method: This study presents an assessment of two groups of variables, sexist attitudes and beliefs and psychological values, in a sample of 449 (213 boys and 236 girls) preadolescents from various schools (mean age: 12). We analyze the relationship between these variables. We used the Values in Action Inventory (VIA-Y), the Questionnaire of Attitudes towards Diversity and Violence (CADV) and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). Results: The results show that sexism variables are related to each other and negatively to the psychological values in boys and girls. Conclusions: We discuss the importance of prevention programs being appropriately developed and, probably, different programs for each sex (AU)

Antecedentes: el sexismo y las actitudes sexistas son algunos de los factores precursores de la justificación de la violencia de pareja. La psicología positiva puede aportar claves al estudio y prevención de la violencia sexista en edades tempranas. Los valores psicológicos, como conjunto de fortalezas psicológicas para el desarrollo de la persona, aportan pistas importantes en la prevención de la violencia sexista. Método: este estudio presenta una evaluación de dos conjuntos de variables, por un lado, las actitudes y creencias sexistas y, por otro, los valores psicológicos en una muestra de 449 estudiantes preadolescentes (213 chicos y 236 chicas) de diversos centros escolares (edad media: 12 años), para posteriormente analizar la relación entre dichas variables. Se ha utilizado para la recogida de datos el Values in Action Inventory (VIA-Y), el Cuestionario de Actitudes hacia la Diversidad y la Violencia (CADV) y el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA). Resultados: los resultados muestran que las variables de sexismo se relacionan entre sí y de forma inversa con los valores psicológicos, tanto en los chicos como en las chicas. Conclusiones: se comenta su importancia para el desarrollo de programas de prevención que pudieran ser diferenciados para ambos sexos (AU)

Psychological values as protective factors against sexist attitudes in preadolescents.

BACKGROUND: Sexist attitudes are one of the factors that justify domestic violence. Positive psychology can provide keys to prevent sexist violence at an early age. Psychological values are a group of psychological strengths in a person's development. They provide important clues for the prevention of gender-based violence. METHOD: This study presents an assessment of two groups of variables, sexist attitudes and beliefs and psychological values, in a sample of 449 (213 boys and 236 girls) preadolescents from various schools (mean age: 12). We analyze the relationship between these variables. We used the Values in Action Inventory (VIA-Y), the Questionnaire of Attitudes towards Diversity and Violence (CADV) and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). RESULTS: The results show that sexism variables are related to each other and negatively to the psychological values in boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the importance of prevention programs being appropriately developed and, probably, different programs for each sex.

Protocolo de uso del reservorio subcutáneo en una unidad de ginecología oncológica / Protocol for use of subcutaneous reservoir in a gynecological oncology unit

El uso del reservorio subcutáneo se ha extendido en los últimos años como respuesta a la necesidad de tratamientos crónicos intravenosos. Determinados pacientes como los oncológicos necesitan disponer de un acceso venoso mantenido. En ellos no es aconsejable el uso de una vía venosa periférica por el efecto esclerosante y/o irritante que sobre el endotelio vascular tienen muchas de los fármacos administradas, y por las numerosas punciones venosas a las que a menudo son sometidos. En este sentido, la implantación de un reservorio subcutáneo permanente a nivel central permite obtener muestras de sangre, así como administrar toda clase de tratamientos intravenosos. Si bien, además de ello, aporta la ventaja de una baja incidencia de infecciones, la posibilidad de su uso extrahospitalario y una buena aceptación por parte de los pacientes. El sistema consiste en un catéter venoso siliconado que se sitúa por debajo del tejido celular subcutáneo y proporciona un acceso vascular, fácil de encontrar, seguro y duradero. A pesar de su frecuente uso en la actualidad, dicha técnica no se encuentra totalmente exenta de riesgos, y entre las posibles complicaciones destacan las infecciosas, trombóticas, la migración del catéter, la oclusión, el neumotórax o erosiones vasculares. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido describir el protocolo de utilización del reservorio subcutáneo llevado a cabo en la unidad de ginecología oncológica del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada (AU)

Abstract Use of subcutaneous reservoir has been extended in recent years in response to the need of chronic intravenous treatments. Some cancer patients and need to have a venous access maintained. In them is not advisable to use a peripheral vein, the sclerosing effect and/or irritating on the endothelium have many of the drugs administered, and the numerous venous punctures to which are often subjected. In this regard, the establishment of a permanent subcutaneous reservoir at the central level can obtain blood samples and administer all types of intravenous therapies. Although it also has the advantage of a low incidence of infections, the possibility of outpatient use and well accepted by patients. The system consists of a silicone venous catheter that is placed below the subcutaneous tissue and provides a vascular access, easy to find, secure and durable. Despite its frequent use today, this technique is not completely without risk, and among the possible complications of infectious diseases, thrombosis, catheter migration, occlusion, pneumothorax or vascular erosion. The aim of this study was to describe the protocol using the subcutaneous reservoir held in the unit of gynecologic oncology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves in Granada(AU)

[Protocol for use of subcutaneous reservoir in a gynecological oncology unit]. / Protocolo de uso del reservorio subcutáneo en una unidad de ginecología oncológica.

Use of subcutaneous reservoir has been extended in recent years in response to the need of chronic intravenous treatments. Some cancer patients and need to have a venous access maintained. In them is not advisable to use a peripheral vein, the sclerosing effect and/or irritating on the endothelium have many of the drugs administered, and the numerous venous punctures to which are often subjected. In this regard, the establishment of a permanent subcutaneous reservoir at the central level can obtain blood samples and administer all types of intravenous therapies. Although it also has the advantage of a low incidence of infections, the possibility of outpatient use and well accepted by patients. The system consists of a silicone venous catheter that is placed below the subcutaneous tissue and provides a vascular access, easy to find, secure and durable. Despite its frequent use today, this technique is not completely without risk, and among the possible complications of infectious diseases, thrombosis, catheter migration, occlusion, pneumothorax or vascular erosion. The aim of this study was to describe the protocol using the subcutaneous reservoir held in the unit of gynecologic oncology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves in Granada.

Multiaxial evaluation of violent criminals.

A multiaxial assessment and personality evaluation was performed on a group of 70 people (65 men and 5 women) who were recently incarcerated in Málaga, Spain for having committed violent crimes, such as murder and sex-based violence. Analysis of scores on the MCMI indicated that there were chiefly two clearly differentiated personality profiles related to two personality disorders present in the group, the antisocial and the dependent personality disorder with compulsive traits. The "antisocial-psychotic group" presented a clear relation with clinical syndromes, specifically alcohol and drug abuse with delusional disorder, and they had committed a higher proportion of murders. On the Big Five Questionnaire, the "dependent-compulsive group" scored higher than average on Emotional Stability and Agreeableness, whereas the antisocial-psychotic group scored lower than average on Emotional Stability. These findings are in accord with those of Megargee, who concluded that violent criminals can be divided into two categories, the undercontrolled (antisocial) and the overcontrolled (dependent).

Factores de personalidad y delitos violentos / Personality factors in relation to violent crimes

Se ha realizado una evaluación de la personalidad al total de personas que han ingresado en la prisión de Málaga por haber cometido delitos violentos durante un período de dos años. La muestra es de 54 personas (51 varones y 3 mujeres) que se ha comparado con un grupo normativo. El estudio tiene dos objetivos: 1) evaluar factores básicos de personalidad como los «cinco grandes» y dimensiones de personalidad -bienestar personal y adaptación social- que se postulan definir a una persona psicológicamente sana y compararla con un grupo normativo, y 2) conocer si existe algún perfil clínico en el grupo de sujetos que han cometido delitos violentos atendiendo a estilos/trastornos de personalidad y síndromes clínicos. Los resultados muestran que, aunque no es posible postular un perfil básico de personalidad de los delincuentes violentos atendiendo a los factores considerados como los «cinco grandes», sí se encuentran que siguiendo el modelo de Millon (1990) se darían dos patrones habituales de comportamiento y formas de afrontar la vida que denominaríamos «dependiente-compulsivo» y con «tendencias psicópatas» y que están relacionados con indicadores de salud mental

The personalities of a group of 54 persons (51 men and 3 women), imprisoned for the perpetration of violent crimes, were evaluated. The results were then compared to a normative group. This study considers personality factors and dimensions on three levels: (a) Basic factors: the «Big Five», (b) Personality disorders and clinical syndromes, (c) Personality dimensions related to personal wellbeing and social adaptation said to define a psychologically healthy individual. The results of the study show that it is not possible to define a basic personality profile for this group of violent delinquents based on the «Big Five» factors. It is, however, possible to find two habitual patterns of behaviour if the Millon Model (1990) is applied. These two behaviour patterns and attitudes towards life situations will be named «Dependent with compulsive traits» and «Psychopath tendencies». Both relate to indicators of mental health

[Personality factors in relation to violent crimes]. / Factores de personalidad y delitos violentos.

The personalities of a group of 54 persons (51 men and 3 women), imprisoned for the perpetration of violent crimes, were evaluated. The results were then compared to a normative group. This study considers personality factors and dimensions on three levels: (a) Basic factors: the "Big Five", (b) Personality disorders and clinical syndromes, (c) Personality dimensions related to personal wellbeing and social adaptation said to define a psychologically healthy individual. The results of the study show that it is not possible to define a basic personality profile for this group of violent delinquents based on the "Big Five" factors. It is, however, possible to find two habitual patterns of behaviour if the Millon Model (1990) is applied. These two behaviour patterns and attitudes towards life situations will be named "Dependent with compulsive traits" and "Psychopath tendencies". Both relate to indicators of mental health.

Test de la aleatorización en diseños de serie temporal interrumpida con grupo de control / Randomization test for interrupted time-series design

Se presenta un método alternativo de análisis estadístico para los datos provenientes de los diseños de serie temporal interrumpida basado en el test de la aleatorización. El procedimiento se basa en la asignación aleatoria de los sujetos a los grupos experimentales y determinación aleatoria del punto de intervención. Se discuten los estadísticos pertinentes para evaluar la hipótesis acerca del cambio conductual basado en el cambio de medias, o en su caso, de tendencias entre grupos y fases de tratamiento (AU)

The randomization test is discussed for the analysis of interrupted time-series design with a control group. Three random assignment procedures are suggested, which include assignment of subjects to treatments, point intervention, or both of them. Also different sensitive statistical tests are discussed for change of level or trends (AU)