Cáncer y riesgo cardiovascular / Cancer and cardiovascular risk

Los pacientes que sobreviven a un cáncer tienen una menor supervivencia a largo plazo, en parte debido al incremento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Hasta el 30% de los fallecimientos de pacientes con cáncer pueden ser de causa cardiovascular. El cáncer puede causar ateroesclerosis por diferentes mecanismos, los más frecuentes son las secuelas de los fármacos antitumorales, la radioterapia y el trasplante de células hematopoyéticas. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular son prevalentes en los supervivientes de cáncer. Estos pacientes deberían ser considerados en alto riesgo cardiovascular. Se aconseja recomendar hábitos de vida saludables y un control estricto de los factores de riesgo. Hay una necesidad inmediata para ampliar la disponibilidad de servicios preventivos cardiovasculares de cara a reducir los efectos adversos tardíos de la quimioterapia y la radiación. La intervención precoz podría ayudar a mejorar el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular. (AU)

Cancer survivors have lower long-term survival, in part due to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). Up to 30% of the deaths of patients with cancer may be due to cardiovascular causes. Cancer can cause atherosclerosis by different mechanisms, the most frequent being the sequelae of antitumour drugs, radiotherapy, and haematopoietic cell transplantation. Cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in cancer survivors. These patients should be considered at high cardiovascular risk. It is advisable to recommend healthy lifestyle habits and strict control of risk factors. There is an immediate need to expand the availability of cardiovascular preventive services to reduce the late adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Early intervention could help improve cardiovascular risk profile (AU)

[Cancer and cardiovascular risk]. / Cáncer y riesgo cardiovascular.

Cancer survivors have lower long-term survival, in part due to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). Up to 30% of the deaths of patients with cancer may be due to cardiovascular causes. Cancer can cause atherosclerosis by different mechanisms, the most frequent being the sequelae of antitumour drugs, radiotherapy, and haematopoietic cell transplantation. Cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in cancer survivors. These patients should be considered at high cardiovascular risk. It is advisable to recommend healthy lifestyle habits and strict control of risk factors. There is an immediate need to expand the availability of cardiovascular preventive services to reduce the late adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Early intervention could help improve cardiovascular risk profile.

Predictores electrocardiográficos y ecocardiográficos de fibrilación auricular en pacientes hipertensos / Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients

Introducción y objetivo La aparición de fibrilación auricular en pacientes hipertensos se asocia a una alta incidencia de complicaciones cardiovasculares. Se evalúan los parámetros clínicos, electrocardiográficos y ecocardiográficos predictores de fibrilación auricular en pacientes hipertensos. Pacientes y métodos Se analizó retrospectivamente a 183 pacientes hipertensos sin historia de fibrilación auricular atendidos en la Consulta de Hipertensión. Resultados Después de un seguimiento medio de 4±2,2 años, 23 pacientes (12,5%) presentaron fibrilación auricular. Los pacientes con fibrilación auricular durante el seguimiento presentaron mayor edad (74,6 vs 62,7 años; p<0,0005), mayor tasa de obesidad (60,8 vs 38,5%; p=0,049), mayor tasa de enfermedad cardiovascular establecida (52 vs 28%; p=0,025), menor tasa de pacientes dipper (41 vs 59%; p=0,014), mayor tamaño de aurícula izquierda (48,7 vs 38,2mm; p<0,0005), mayor masa de ventrículo izquierdo (324 vs 266g; p=0,014), menor fracción de eyección (62,6 vs 69,7%; p=0,002), mayor tasa de insuficiencia mitral (82 vs 51,7%; p=0,008), una mayor tasa de pacientes con criterios de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (21,7 vs 7,4%; p=0,026) y mayor presencia de extrasistolia supraventricular (23,5 vs 6,1%; p=0,044). No hubo diferencias en ningún otro parámetro electrocardiográfico analizado: duración, amplitud, dispersión y eje de la onda P; intervalo PR; duración QRS y frecuencia cardiaca basal. Únicamente la edad (OR 1,06) y la dilatación de AI (OR 1,22) fueron factores significativos predictores independientes en al análisis multivariado. Conclusión En nuestra población de pacientes hipertensos, la edad y el diámetro de la AI son factores predictores para la aparición de fibrilación auricular (AU)

Introduction and objective Appearance of atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular complications. Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters, predictors of atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients, have been evaluated. Patients and methods A total of 183 hypertensive patients with no history of atrial fibrillation who were seen in the Hypertension Medical Office were analyzed retrospectively. Results After a mean follow-up of 4±2.2 years, 23 patients (12.5%) developed atrial fibrillation. Patients with atrial fibrillation during follow-up were older (74.6 years vs. 62.7 years, p<.0005), had a higher rate of obesity (60.8% vs 38.5%, p=.049), higher rate of established cardiovascular disease (52% vs 28%, p=.025), lower rate of dipper patients (41% vs 59%, p=.014), larger left atrium (48.7mm vs 38.2mm, p<.0005), larger left ventricular mass (324g vs 266g, p=.014), lower ejection fraction (62.6% vs 69.7%, p=.002), higher rate of mitral insufficiency (82% vs 51.7%, p=.008), higher rate of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy criteria (21.7% vs 7.4%, p=.026), and greater presence of supraventricular extrasystoles (23.5% vs 6.1%, p=.044). There were no differences in any of the other electrocardiographic parameter analyzed, that is in duration, amplitude, dispersion and P wave axis, PR interval, QRS duration and baseline heart rate. Only age (OR 1.06) and dilated LA (OR 1.22) were independent significant predictors in the multivariate analysis. ConclusionIn our population of hypertensive patients, age and left atrium diameter are predictors of the onset of atrial fibrillation (AU)

Enantiomeric purity of (+/-) -methyl jasmonate in fresh leaf samples and commercial fragrances.

The enantiomeric purity of (+/-) -methyl jasmonate in fresh leaf material of Jasminum from different species and Rosmarinus officinalis was examined by solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS (SPME-GC-MS). For comparison with these natural products, commercial jasmine and rosemary fragrances were also studied. The extraction conditions were selected as a result of testing different values of temperature (40, 50, and 60 degrees C) and time (2, 15, 30, and 40 min). The results obtained in this work revealed a range of enantiomeric excesses for (+/-) -methyl jasmonate varying from 13 to 95% depending on the Jasminum specie considered. In contrast, (-) -methyl jasmonate always occurred as a pure enantiomer in all R. officinalis samples studied. This implies those Jasminum species in which the enantiomeric purity of (-) -methyl jasmonate is high enough and any R. officinalis sample might be used as natural sources of pure (-) -methyl jasmonate. Concerning the commercial fragrances, those of jasmine showed enantiomeric composition of (-) -methyl jasmonate ranging from 1 to 15% whereas those of rosemary exhibited practically the pure (-) -methyl jasmonate. This fact suggests the addition and nonaddition of the racemic mixture of methyl jasmonate to the commercial jasmine and rosemary samples, respectively.

Derivatization of chiral amino acids in supercritical carbon dioxide.

A new method is proposed to perform the derivatization of chiral amino acids occurring in complex samples using supercritical carbon dioxide as both the reaction medium and the agent used to extract the obtained derivatives prior to accomplishing the subsequent enantiomeric chromatographic analysis. The derivatization step under supercritical conditions involves the esterification of the carboxyl group and the acylation of the amino group of the amino acids without using a catalyst. A Chirasil-L-Val capillary column enabled the separation of the D- and L-forms of the amino acids as their N(O)-pentafluoropropionyl 1-propyl esters. Relative standard deviation values obtained from the gas chromatographic analysis for the derivatized amino acids ranged from 5 to 15%.

A comparative study of the ability of different techniques to extract menthol from Mentha piperita.

Supercritical fluid extraction, direct thermal desorption, hydroalcoholic extraction, and atomization are used to extract menthol from leaf plants of Mentha piperita. The investigated methods are comparatively evaluated on the basis of their reliability to determine the enantiomeric distribution of menthol. The enantioselectivity required for the gas chromatographic analysis is achieved using Octakis (2,6-di-O-n-pentyl-3-O-butyryl)-gamma-cyclodextrin as the stationary phase. From the obtained results, it is established that there is a significant effect of the combination of pressure and temperature to achieve the effective isolation and fractionation of the less and most volatile compounds using supercritical fluids.