ABSTRACT
A low protein diet has been traditionally advocated in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), in order to slow its progression. However, CRF is often associated with malnutrition, aggravating its prognosis, especially in elderly patients. In severe CRF, the spontaneous reduction of appetite coupled with additional restrictions regarding sodium, potassium and phophates may further impact on nutrition status. The potential benefit of a low protein diet is therefore questionable. We only recommend a moderately restricted protein diet (0,8 g/kg/day) in selected patients with no sign of malnutrition. This strategy, if applied, must be supported by a multidisciplinary approach involving a nephrologist and a specialised dietician. Additional dietary restrictions are not justified, except in particular situations.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/diet therapy , Diet, Protein-Restricted , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism , Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/etiology , Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/metabolismABSTRACT
Protein-energy malnutrition in patients treated with haemodialysis (HD) is a complex, multifactorial and prevalent problem, starting well ahead of the dialysis program. It is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Uraemic patients are relatively resistant to nutrients because of metabolism abnormalities. Prevention of malnutrition is therefore more efficient than treatment per se. Classical supplementation including oral nutritional supplements, intradialytic parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition remain efficient, if applied for a sufficient time. A global approach coupling supplementation and strategies designed to optimise metabolism abnormalities should increase treatment efficacy and improve the outcome and quality of life of these patients.
