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1.
Genes (Basel) ; 9(2)2018 Feb 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29462892

ABSTRACT

There is increasing evidence being accumulated regarding the importance of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL)-mediated quorum-sensing (QS) and quorum-quenching (QQ) processes in the marine environment, but in most cases, data has been obtained from specific microhabitats, and subsequently little is known regarding these activities in free-living marine bacteria. The QS and QQ activities among 605 bacterial isolates obtained at 90 and 2000 m depths in the Mediterranean Sea were analyzed. Additionally, putative QS and QQ sequences were searched in metagenomic data obtained at different depths (15-2000 m) at the same sampling site. The number of AHL producers was higher in the 90 m sample (37.66%) than in the 2000 m sample (4.01%). However, the presence of QQ enzymatic activity was 1.63-fold higher in the 2000 m sample. The analysis of putative QQ enzymes in the metagenomes supports the relevance of QQ processes in the deepest samples, found in cultivable bacteria. Despite the unavoidable biases in the cultivation methods and biosensor assays and the possible promiscuous activity of the QQ enzymes retrieved in the metagenomic analysis, the results indicate that AHL-related QS and QQ processes could be common activity in the marine environment.

2.
J Med Chem ; 58(18): 7526-48, 2015 Sep 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26313429

ABSTRACT

Identification of orthosteric mGlu(2/3) receptor agonists capable of discriminating between individual mGlu2 and mGlu3 subtypes has been highly challenging owing to the glutamate-site sequence homology between these proteins. Herein we detail the preparation and characterization of a series of molecules related to (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate 1 (LY354740) bearing C4-thiotriazole substituents. On the basis of second messenger responses in cells expressing other recombinant human mGlu2/3 subtypes, a number of high potency and efficacy mGlu2 receptor agonists exhibiting low potency mGlu3 partial agonist/antagonist activity were identified. From this, (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 14a (LY2812223) was further characterized. Cocrystallization of 14a with the amino terminal domains of hmGlu2 and hmGlu3 combined with site-directed mutation studies has clarified the underlying molecular basis of this unique pharmacology. Evaluation of 14a in a rat model responsive to mGlu2 receptor activation coupled with a measure of central drug disposition provides evidence that this molecule engages and activates central mGlu2 receptors in vivo.


Subject(s)
Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/chemistry , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists , Triazoles/chemistry , Allosteric Regulation , Animals , Binding, Competitive , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacology , Calcium/metabolism , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Dogs , Drug Partial Agonism , Humans , Male , Mice , Models, Molecular , Motor Activity/drug effects , Mutagenesis, Site-Directed , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism , Stereoisomerism , Triazoles/pharmacokinetics , Triazoles/pharmacology
3.
J Med Chem ; 58(4): 1776-94, 2015 Feb 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25602126

ABSTRACT

As part of our ongoing research to identify novel agents acting at metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) and 3 (mGlu3) receptors, we have previously reported the identification of the C4α-methyl analog of mGlu2/3 receptor agonist 1 (LY354740). This molecule, 1S,2S,4R,5R,6S-2-amino-4-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate 2 (LY541850), exhibited an unexpected mGlu2 agonist/mGlu3 antagonist pharmacological profile, whereas the C4ß-methyl diastereomer (3) possessed dual mGlu2/3 receptor agonist activity. We have now further explored this structure-activity relationship through the preparation of cyclic and acyclic C4-disubstituted analogs of 1, leading to the identification of C4-spirocyclopropane 5 (LY2934747), a novel, potent, and systemically bioavailable mGlu2/3 receptor agonist which exhibits both antipsychotic and analgesic properties in vivo. In addition, through the combined use of protein-ligand X-ray crystallography employing recombinant human mGlu2/3 receptor amino terminal domains, molecular modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis, a molecular basis for the observed pharmacological profile of compound 2 is proposed.


Subject(s)
Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacology , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists , Spiro Compounds/pharmacology , Animals , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/chemistry , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/metabolism , Crystallography, X-Ray , Humans , Male , Models, Molecular , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics , Spiro Compounds/chemistry , Spiro Compounds/metabolism
4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 111(39): 14170-4, 2014 Sep 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25225362

ABSTRACT

The reconstruction and timing of the early stages of social evolution, such as parental care, in the fossil record is a challenge, as these behaviors often do not leave concrete traces. One of the intensely investigated examples of modern parental care are the modern burying beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus), a lineage that includes notable endangered species. Here we report diverse transitional silphids from the Mesozoic of China and Myanmar that provide insights into the origins of parental care. Jurassic silphids from Daohugou, sharing many defining characters of Nicrophorinae, primitively lack stridulatory files significant for parental care communications; although morphologically similar, Early Cretaceous nicrophorines from the Jehol biota possess such files, indicating that a system of parental care had evolved by this early date. More importantly, burying beetles of the genus Nicrophorus have their earliest first record in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, and document early evolution of elaborate biparental care and defense of small vertebrate carcasses for their larvae. Parental care in the Early Cretaceous may have originated from competition between silphids and their predators. The rise of the Cretaceous Nicrophorinae implies a biology similar to modern counterparts that typically feed on carcasses of small birds and mammals.


Subject(s)
Coleoptera/physiology , Animals , Biological Evolution , China , Coleoptera/anatomy & histology , Coleoptera/growth & development , Feeding Behavior , Female , Food Chain , Fossils , History, Ancient , Larva/growth & development , Male , Myanmar , Social Behavior
5.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 25(2): 63-67, jun. 2014.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-127307

ABSTRACT

La restricción física es una medida terapéutica utilizada para controlar pacientes que presentan un riesgo de lesión para ellos mismos o para terceras personas. Dado que son técnicas que coartan la libertad de movimientos, algunos derechos de los pacientes pueden ser vulnerados. Para evitar esto, existen diversos protocolos a nivel nacional, una amplia base legal y preceptos éticos que respetar. En este artículo se revisarán los protocolos, se identificarán los aspectos legales y se analizarán sus implicaciones éticas. Como reflexión principal, se hace imperativo que los profesionales conozcan las bases legales y las implicaciones éticas de estas medidas terapéuticas, así como las técnicas y los protocolos existentes, para lo cual se hace imprescindible la formación e información de los profesionales


Physical restraint is a therapeutic measure useful to manage patients who are at risk of hurting themselves or others. These techniques restrict freedom of movement of the patients, so their rights may be violated. To avoid this, there are protocols all around the country. There is also a large legal basis, and the ethical precepts should be respected. This paper will briefly review those protocols, the legal issues, and the ethical implications of the use of the technique. The main conclusion is that it’s essential that professionals know the legal and the ethical implications, the techniques and protocols of this treatment. To achieve this aim, it becomes necessary that all the professionals receive the correct training


Subject(s)
Humans , Restraint, Physical/ethics , Patient Rights/ethics , Nursing Care/ethics , Emotions , Risk Factors , Clinical Protocols , Legislation, Medical
6.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 24(2): 90-94, jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-195138

ABSTRACT

Actualmente se percibe una indefinición manifiesta acerca de la conceptualización y abordaje de las llamadas lesiones por humedad en los entornos clínicos, docentes e investigadores de nuestro país, que muy frecuentemente relacionan este término solo con las lesiones producidas por la orina y las heces. Dadas las diversas repercusiones que se intuye pueden tener este tipo de lesiones, se hace necesario consensuar y unificar los distintos aspectos relacionados con el cuidado de estas heridas. En el presente artículo, y siguiendo la tendencia internacional, se propone la adopción del término lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad (LESCAH) para referirnos a la inflamación y erosión de la piel causada por la exposición prolongada a diversas fuentes de humedad, incluyendo la orina o las heces, el sudor, el exudado de la herida, el moco o la saliva. Desde esta premisa, se presentan y describen los diferentes tipos de LESCAH identificados en la clínica. Y finalmente, para facilitar la integración de la valoración, prevención y tratamiento de los pacientes con algún tipo de LESCAH, se propone un plan básico de actuación -denominado con el acrónimo CASPROT- con los distintos objetivos e intervenciones a realizar en cada fase


There are actually several problems with the concept of moisture lesions in our scientific (Spanish) community, frequently directly associated only to incontinence lesions. We propose and review the extend of the term LESCAH (Moisture associated skin damage) in Spanish for the definition of the inflammation and skin damage produced by different moisture sources like urine, faeces, sweat, wound exudate, saliva and mucus. We also propose the acronym CASPROT in order to agglutinate in a common framework the different concepts, aims and activities oriented to address moisture associated problems


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Risk Adjustment/methods , Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
7.
Rev Enferm ; 36(2): 33-5, 2013 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23527438

ABSTRACT

The title of the article matches the of the "Declaration of Rio de Janeiro on the prevention of ulcers by pressure as a Universal right" [ 1], promoted by numerous groups and associations related to the problematic of ulcers by pressure (UPP) at the international level, and is a decisive step for joint efforts to give visibility to a problem of global dimension. Efforts previously, and in what refers to our country, have been left reflected in statements [2] pressure driven by the National group for study and advice on ulcers and wounds chronicles (GNEAUPP). The Declaration dealt with masterfully what will be our thesis, beyond a clinical problem--that is--the UPP, and specifically its prevention, constitute a problem primarily ethical character and, more specifically, minimum ethics, as we already reflected more widely in another article [3], by what remains essential to influencing this aspect often underestimated.


Subject(s)
Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control , Human Rights , Humans
8.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 36(2): 105-107, feb. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-143522

ABSTRACT

El título del artículo coincide con el de la «Declaración de Rio de Janeiro sobre la prevención de las Úlceras por Presión como Derecho Universal» [1], promovido por numerosos grupos y asociaciones relacionados con la problemática de las úlceras por presión (UPP) a nivel internacional, y supone un paso decisivo para aunar esfuerzos en dar visibilidad a un problema de dimensión mundial. Esfuerzos que previamente, y en lo que se refiere a nuestro país, han ido quedando plasmados en declaraciones [2] impulsadas por el Grupo nacional para el estudio y asesoramiento en úlceras por presión y heridas crónicas (GNEAUPP). La citada declaración aborda de forma magistral lo que será nuestra tesis, es decir, más allá de un problema clínico –que lo es– las UPP, y específicamente su prevención, constituyen un problema principalmente de carácter ético y, más concretamente, de ética de mínimos, como ya reflexionamos más ampliamente en otro artículo [3], por lo que sigue siendo imprescindible incidir en este aspecto muchas veces infravalorado (AU)


The title of the article matches the of the «Declaration of Rio de Janeiro on the prevention of ulcers by pressure as a Universal right» [1], promoted by numerous groups and associations related to the problematic of ulcers by pressure (UPP) at the international level, and is a decisive step for joint efforts to give visibility to a problem of global dimension. Efforts previously, and in what refers to our country, have been left reflected in statements [2] pressure driven by the National group for study and advice on ulcers and wounds chronicles (GNEAUPP). The Declaration dealt with masterfully what will be our thesis, beyond a clinical problem –that is– the UPP, and specifically its prevention, constitute a problem primarily ethical character and, more specifically, minimum ethics, as we already reflected more widely in another article [3], by what remains essential to influencing this aspect often underestimated (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control , Palliative Care/ethics , Pressure Ulcer/nursing , Immobilization/adverse effects , Patient Rights
9.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 22(4): 184-190, dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-111220

ABSTRACT

El objetivo fundamental del presente artículo es plantear una reflexión sobre las implicaciones éticas que plantea el abordaje integral de las UPP. En primer lugar abordaremos la descripción de los aspectos que por su mayor relevancia configuran a las UPP y su cuidado como un problema ético profesional; posteriormente, haremos una reflexión del porqué los profesionales de la salud tenemos obligaciones morales en el abordaje de dicho problema, y analizaremos sucintamente mediante los principios de la ética de mínimos de bioética dicha situación de forma general. La reflexión propuesta es que no podemos esperar a que la presión social en la demanda de sus derechos como usuarios y en el ejercicio de la autonomía como pacientes sea la que nos haga cambiar las prácticas, sino que desde la responsabilidad profesional e institucional debemos responder proactivamente (AU)


The main objective of this article is to reflect on the ethical implications that the holistic dealing of the pressure ulcers sets out. First of all, we will deal with the description of the aspects that, due to its major relevance, make up the pressure ulcers and its treatment as a professional ethical problem. Subsequently we will reflect on why the health care professionals have moral obligations in dealing with that problem, and we will analyze briefly and globally that situation though the principles of the minimal ethics of the bioethics. The suggested reflection is that we cannot wait for the social pressure in the demand of its rights as users and in the practice of the autonomy as patients to be the force that makes us change practices, but rather that we must respond proactively from the professional and institutional responsibility (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pressure Ulcer/nursing , Bioethical Issues , Patient Rights , /ethics , Risk Factors , Wounds and Injuries/nursing
10.
Zookeys ; (130): 421-53, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22259291

ABSTRACT

New material of the wasp family Maimetshidae (Apocrita) is presented from four Cretaceous amber deposits - the Neocomian of Lebanon, the Early Albian of Spain, the latest Albian/earliest Cenomanian of France, and the Campanian of Canada. The new record from Canadian Cretaceous amber extends the temporal and paleogeographical range of the family. New material from France is assignable to Guyotemaimetsha enigmatica Perrichot et al. including the first females for the species, while a series of males and females from Spain are described and figured as Iberomaimetsha Ortega-Blanco, Perrichot & Engel, gen. n., with the two new species Iberomaimetsha rasnitsyni Ortega-Blanco, Perrichot & Engel, sp. n. and Iberomaimetsha nihtmara Ortega-Blanco, Delclòs & Engel, sp. n.; a single female from Lebanon is described and figured as Ahiromaimetsha najlae Perrichot, Azar, Nel & Engel, gen. et sp. n., and a single male from Canada is described and figured as Ahstemiam cellula McKellar & Engel, gen. et sp. n. The taxa are compared with other maimetshids, a key to genera and species is given, and brief comments made on the family.

11.
Santiago de Chile; LOM Ediciones; 2009. 98 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-18329

ABSTRACT

Este ensayo tiene por objeto describir la historia de la protección social de la salud (PSS) en Chile desde la Independencia a nuestros tiempos e intentar encontrar relaciones causales que expliquen los cambios significativos en esta materia. Definimos la protección social en salud como: "la garantía que la sociedad otorga, a través de los poderes públicos, para que un individuo o grupo de individuos pueda satisfacer sus demandas [o necesidades] de salud a través del acceso a los servicios en condiciones adecuadas de calidad, oportunidad y dignidad, sin que la capacidad de pago sea un factor restrictivo". En consecuencia, el "seguimiento"de la PSS que se hace en este artículo incluye aspectos sanitarios, políticos y económicos. El enfoque de este documento es ser una revisión de la historia de la protección social de la salud antes que de la salud. En consecuencia, el ensayo parte de la premisa que "el derecho a la salud es parte fundamental de nuestros derechos humanos y de nuestra comprensión de una vida en dignidad. El derecho a la salud es un derecho inclusivo, es decir, incluye todos los aspectos que pueden ayudar o conducir a mejores estados de salud; contiene libertades o derecho a elegir, por ejemplo tratamientos; contiene garantías para sus titulares (igualdad de oportunidades, de acceso a la prevención, etc.).


Subject(s)
Social Security/history , Health Policy/history , Health Care Reform/history , Public Health/history , Chile
12.
13.
Rev Enferm ; 31(9): 26-33, 2008 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19007032

ABSTRACT

The professional nursing business bears with it ethical problems related to scientific and technical development, the ethical-cultural plurality in our society and changes in clinical relationships. This situation has generated a crisis in classical decision-making models which has led to a point where we confront a new reality that requires an adequate adjustment not only to technical criteria but, moreover, to moral criteria. The challenge we undertake implies a search for concrete solutions to concrete problems in concrete instances, and what is most important, related to concrete persons. The procedures for decision making which have been proposed up until now should not be viewed as exclusive rather as complementary and enriching ones in the quest to find the best possible solutions; along this line we propose, from a weighed syncretism aspect, a procedure not thought of only for use in great conflicts but rather and mainly, to resolve daily problems.


Subject(s)
Bioethical Issues , Decision Making/ethics
14.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 31(9): 586-593, sept. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-79078

ABSTRACT

El quehacer profesional de enfermería conlleva problemas éticos relacionados con el desarrollo científico y técnico, la pluralidad étnico-cultural de nuestra sociedad y los cambios en la relación clínica. Esta situación ha hecho entrar en crisis a los modelos clásicos de toma de decisiones, para enfrentarnos a una nueva realidad que demanda la adecuación no sólo de los criterios técnicos sino, sobre todo, de los morales. El reto que asumimos implica la búsqueda de soluciones concretas, para problemas concretos, en momentos concretos y, lo que es más importante, para personas concretas. Los procedimientos de toma de decisiones propuestos hasta el momento no deben ser contemplados como excluyentes, sino como complementarios y enriquecedores en la búsqueda de las mejores soluciones posibles, y en esa línea planteamos, desde un sincretismo ponderado, un procedimiento no pensado únicamente para grandes conflictos, sino también y principalmente para el quehacer diario(AU)


The professional nursing business bears with it ethical problems related to scientific and technical development, the ethical-cultural plurality in our society and changes in clinical relationships. This situation has generated a crisis in classical decision-making models which has led to a point where we confront a new reality that requires an adequate adjustment not only to technical criteria but, moreover, to moral criteria. The challenge we undertake implies a search for concrete solutions to concrete problems in concrete instances, and what is most important, related to concrete persons. The procedures for decision making which have been proposed up until now should not be viewed as exclusive rather as complementary and enriching ones in the quest to find the best possible solutions; along this line we propose, from a weighed syncretism aspect, a procedure not thought of only for use in great conflicts but rather, and mainly, to resolve daily problems(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics/trends , Nursing Care/ethics , Decision Making/ethics , Cultural Diversity , 50262
15.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 37(2)abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-506306

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de servir como guía al personal sanitario de nuestras unidades para que puedan brindar acciones e intervenciones terapéuticas con una competencia y desempeño adecuadas durante la ejecución de las medidas del apoyo vital básico y del socorrismo. Ha sido diseñado también como material de apoyo docente para el adiestramiento del personal de aseguramiento de las instituciones médicas con vistas a elevar su competencia en la ejecución de las maniobras de apoyo vital básico durante la recepción masiva de víctimas de catástrofes naturales y en tiempo de guerra.


This paper is intended to serve as a guide for the sanitary personnel of our units, so that they can carry out therapeutic actions and interventions with an adequate competence and performance during the accomplishment of the measures of basic vital support and first aid. It has also been designed as a supporting material to train the securing personnel of the medical institutions in order to increase their capacity in the execution of the maneuvers of basic vital support during the mass reception of victims of natural catastrophes in war time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education in Disasters , Emergency Medical Services , Disaster Emergencies/prevention & control
16.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 37(2)abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-36520

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de servir como guía al personal sanitario de nuestras unidades para que puedan brindar acciones e intervenciones terapéuticas con una competencia y desempeño adecuadas durante la ejecución de las medidas del apoyo vital básico y del socorrismo. Ha sido diseñado también como material de apoyo docente para el adiestramiento del personal de aseguramiento de las instituciones médicas con vistas a elevar su competencia en la ejecución de las maniobras de apoyo vital básico durante la recepción masiva de víctimas de catástrofes naturales y en tiempo de guerra(AU)


This paper is intended to serve as a guide for the sanitary personnel of our units, so that they can carry out therapeutic actions and interventions with an adequate competence and performance during the accomplishment of the measures of basic vital support and first aid. It has also been designed as a supporting material to train the securing personnel of the medical institutions in order to increase their capacity in the execution of the maneuvers of basic vital support during the mass reception of victims of natural catastrophes in war time(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Disaster Emergencies/prevention & control , Education in Disasters , Emergency Medical Services
17.
Rev cuba med int emerg ; 7(1)2008. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-35579

ABSTRACT

Las tendencias y proyecciones indican que las lesiones por accidentes de tránsito aumentarán, convirtiéndose en una crisis mundial de salud pública. De esta manera se le presta interés a este importante tema y la OMS incentivó a que se celebraran eventos y actividades que ayuden a elevar la conciencia acerca de las lesiones causadas por accidentes de tránsito, por lo cual realizamos un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en el Instituto Superior de Medicina Militar Hospital Luís Díaz Soto. Se analizó una muestra de 55 pacientes fallecidos por accidente de tránsito en el período 2004 - 2005. Los índices pronósticos se comportaron de la siguiente forma: El ISS con una media de 45,2 ± 11,8, el TS 6,58 ± 2,37, y la escala de Glasgow 5,16 ± 2,83. Se demostró que fallecían más tempranamente los pacientes con valores de ISS mayores, por medio de la correlación lineal entre ISS y evolución del trauma con r = - 0,351 y sig = 0,000; con valor de confiabilidad del 99%. La causa directa de muerte más frecuente fue la lesión de centros nerviosos superiores (49,1por ciento), seguido por el shock hipovolémico y séptico con 14,5 por ciento cada uno. Relacionando esta variable con la evolución del trauma tenemos que en menos de 4 horas fallecen con mayor frecuencia por lesión de centros nerviosos superiores (88,9 por ciento) y en más de 4 horas por shock séptico (14,5 por ciento) y D.M.O (9,1 por ciento).


Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Prognosis
18.
Enferm Clin ; 17(2): 56-62, 2007.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17683684

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate training in bioethics, as well as knowledge and perceptions of bioethical issues, among health professionals. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2005 by means of a validated questionnaire. The study population consisted of the health team working in the cardiology area in the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital. RESULTS: There were 186 health professionals, and 117 questionnaires were returned, representing 63.5% of the study population: 58 nurses (49.5%), 23 physicians (19.6%), and 34 nursing auxiliaries. More than half (64.6%) had no training in bioethics. The health professionals with the most training in bioethics were those with more than 20 years' experience (p = 0.019). Less than half (45.7%) knew of the existence (p = 0.004) or the content (p = 0.03) of law 41/2002. A total of 12.8% believed that users knew their rights. Health professionals with no bioethics training were those most likely to believe that users' confidentiality (p = 0.002) and privacy (p = 0.039) were always or usually respected. More than one third (37.8%) reported facing bioethical problems in their professional activity. CONCLUSION: The members of the health team have insufficient knowledge of bioethics parallel to low levels of training in this discipline and perceive insufficient respect for users' basic rights. Training in bioethics should be increased, and information pathways should be established in institutions to allow continual adaptation to ethical and legal requirements.


Subject(s)
Bioethical Issues , Health Personnel/ethics , Bioethics/education , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires
19.
Rev cuba med int emerg ; 6(1)ene.-abr. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-35551

ABSTRACT

El Infarto del Miocardio Agudo es una enfermedad frecuente, de evolución incierta, cuya mortalidad durante la fase aguda se estima entre el 20 y el 50 por ciento a pesar de los avances alcanzados, lo cual justifica que se dediquen esfuerzos y recursos para mejorar su pronóstico, nuestro objetivo fue identificar los factores relacionados con la letalidad por Infarto Agudo del Miocardio para lo cual se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de cohorte transversal en 72 pacientes fallecidos por Infarto Agudo del Miocardio. El 80.6 por ciento tenían edades mayores de 60 años y predominó el sexo femenino con un 62,4 por ciento. Dentro de los factores de riesgo la hipertensión arterial tuvo una frecuencia significativa. Los infartos cardiacos de localización anterior fueron mas frecuentes y solo el 26,3 por ciento recibió tratamiento trombolítico debido principalmente a demoras en el diagnóstico. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la disfunción del ventrículo izquierdo y las arritmias. Concluimos que la letalidad del infarto cardiaco agudo se asocia a diferentes factores cuyo conocimiento permite reconocer a los pacientes de mayor riesgo. Se subraya la necesidad de aplicar de forma eficaz y en tiempo la terapéutica trombolítica


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Hypertension/etiology
20.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 17(2): 56-62, mar. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054214

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar el nivel de formación, conocimientos y percepción acerca de diversos aspectos bioéticos entre los profesionales de la salud. Método. Estudio descriptivo, trasversal, mediante cuestionario validado, realizado en el año 2005 en el Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. La población de estudio fueron los profesionales del equipo de salud que trabajaban en el área de cardiología de dicho hospital. Resultados. Del total de sujetos de estudio (186 profesionales), se recogieron 117 encuestas, lo que significa el 63,5% de la población a estudio, 58 enfermeras (49,5%), 23 médicos (19,6%) y 34 auxiliares (28,2%). El 64,6% carece de formación en bioética, y los de una antigüedad profesional superior a 20 años son los más formados en dicha disciplina (p = 0,019). El 45,7% conoce la existencia (p = 0,004) y contenido (p = 0,03) de la Ley 41/2002. El 12,8% cree que los usuarios conocen sus derechos, y los que no tienen formación en bioética son los que mayoritariamente creen que se respeta siempre o habitualmente la confidencialidad (p = 0,002) y la intimidad (p = 0,039) del usuario. El 37,8% refiere enfrentarse en su quehacer profesional con problemas bioéticos. Conclusión. Los miembros del equipo de salud presentan un déficit de conocimientos paralelo a unos niveles de escasa formación en bioética y una percepción de insuficiente respeto a los derechos básicos del usuario. Se hace necesario potenciar la formación, así como vías ágiles de información en las instituciones que permitan una real adaptación a los requerimientos éticos y legales en cada momento


Objective. To evaluate training in bioethics, as well as knowledge and perceptions of bioethical issues, among health professionals. Method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2005 by means of a validated questionnaire. The study population consisted of the health team working in the cardiology area in the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital. Results. There were 186 health professionals, and 117 questionnaires were returned, representing 63.5% of the study population: 58 nurses (49.5%), 23 physicians (19.6%), and 34 nursing auxiliaries. More than half (64.6%) had no training in bioethics. The health professionals with the most training in bioethics were those with more than 20 years' experience (p = 0.019). Less than half (45.7%) knew of the existence (p = 0.004) or the content (p = 0.03) of law 41/2002. A total of 12.8% believed that users knew their rights. Health professionals with no bioethics training were those most likely to believe that users' confidentiality (p = 0.002) and privacy (p = 0.039) were always or usually respected. More than one third (37.8%) reported facing bioethical problems in their professional activity. Conclusion. The members of the health team have insufficient knowledge of bioethics parallel to low levels of training in this discipline and perceive insufficient respect for users' basic rights. Training in bioethics should be increased, and information pathways should be established in institutions to allow continual adaptation to ethical and legal requirements


Subject(s)
Humans , Ethics, Clinical , Health Personnel/ethics , Ethics, Professional , Bioethics , Attitude of Health Personnel , Patient Rights , Legislation, Medical , Health Care Surveys/statistics & numerical data
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