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1.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(4): 301-310, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138715

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las hernias son patologías muy frecuentes en un Servicio de Cirugía General (SCG); su tratamiento y costes son muy diferentes, dependiendo del cirujano, si hay hospitalización (CH) o cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA). Objetivo principal es el estudio de costes-resultados y de coste-efectividad de las hernias de pared abdominal (no pericolostómicas) realizadas por el SCG. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, observacional y retrospectivo. Intervenidas 370 hernias de pared abdominal, del 1 de octubre de 2015 al 30 de septiembre de 2016; seguimiento postquirúrgico hasta el 30 de octubre 2016 (1 a 12 meses). Resultados: 79,4% varones, media 59,95 años, 51,90% ASA II, 55,8% anestesia local, 59,72% hernias inguinales, 36,94% hernias inguinales unilaterales indirectas, 55,17 minutos por intervención, 54,44% por CMA, 4,77 días de estancia media en ingresados. Complicaciones perioperatorias 2,3%, tempranas 4,8% (5 reintervenciones) y tardías 12,8% (3 reintervenciones por recidiva). Altas 95,41%, tiempo medio 6,59 semanas. Coste de material de 109,87 € (hernia inguinal simple) hasta 370,41 € (eventración). Coste mediana quirófano 338,80 €. Coste/día CMA 807,30 € y con ingreso 1056,03 €. Mediana coste de hernia inguinal simple 422,69 € y de eventración 709,89 €. Mediana coste por complicación de hernia inguinal 1405,81 € y de eventración 8350,88 €. Mediana coste por proceso con CMA 1213,98 € y con ingreso 3689,80 €. Conclusión: Intervenciones de hernia inguinal unilateral simple, crural y umbilical, con técnica libre de tensión, material protésico, sin drenaje, CMA, anestesia local (con/sin sedación) y sin complicaciones resultan las más coste-efectivas (mejor relación coste-benefcio y coste-efectividad).


Introduction: Hernias are very frequent pathologies in a General Surgery Service (GSS); its treatment and costs are very different, depending on the surgeon, if there is admission (SH) or major outpatient surgery (MOS). A) Main objective. Study costs of (non-pericolostomic) abdominal wall hernia surgical procedures in the GSC (cost-outcome ratio and the cost-efectiveness). Materials and Method: Descriptive, longitudinal, observational and retrospective study. Abdominal wall hernias treated between 1st October, 2015 and 30th September, 2016; after surgery follow up until 30th October, 2016 (1 to 12 months). In total 370 hernia surgeries were performed. Results: 79.4% of males, mean 59.95 years, 51.90% of ASA II, 55.8% local anesthesia, 59.72% inguinal hernias, 36.94% indirect unilateral inguinal hernias, 55.17 minutes for surgeon, 54.44% for MOS, 4.77 days of average stay in admitted patients. Perioperative complications 2.3%, early 4.8% (with 5 reoperations) and late 12.8% (3 reinterventions due to relapse). 95.41% discharge, mean time 6.59 weeks. Material costs vary from €109.87 (simple inguinal hernia) to €370.41 (eventrations). Median surgery room cost €338.80. Cost/day MOS €807.30 and with income €1056.03. Median cost of simple inguinal hernia €422.69 and eventration €709.89. Median cost due to inguinal hernia complication €1405.81 and eventration €8350.88. Median cost per process MOS € 1213.98 and that of SH €3689.80. Conclusion: The interventions of simple unilateral inguinal hernia, crural and umbilical, using a tension-free technique, prosthetic material, without drainage, MOS, local anesthesia (with/without sedation) and without complications are the most cost-efective (better cost-beneft and cost-efectiveness ratio).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Hernia, Abdominal/surgery , Hernia, Abdominal/economics , Spain , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Aftercare , Hospitalization
2.
Rev. chil. cir ; 68(6): 456-461, dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830102

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El objetivo del trabajo es exponer 3 casos de carcinoma de células de Merkel (CCM), carcinoma trabecular o carcinoma indiferenciado de células pequeñas de la piel. Se trata de un tumor poco frecuente y con características bien definidas, asociado a la radiación, la inmunosupresión y recientemente a polyomavirus. Material y método: Estudio clínico descriptivo de 3 adultos intervenidos entre 2011 y 2013 en los servicios de cirugía general y maxilofacial de nuestro centro. Se trata de 2 varones (50 y 79 años) y una mujer (79 años). Resultados: El varón más joven presentó una adenopatía inguinal derecha, sin que pudiera localizarse la lesión primaria; el otro paciente estaba siendo tratado con infliximab por enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y presentó una lesión en el labio inferior. La paciente presentó una lesión pretibial derecha. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante estudio inmunohistoquímico de las biopsias (CK-20 y CAM 5.2 positivas; TTF-1 negativo; cromogranina y NSE positivas 2 y una intermedia). En los 3 casos se realizó cirugía y la técnica del ganglio centinela. El tratamiento se continuó con quimioterapia adyuvante en 2 pacientes y radioterapia en el paciente que había sido tratado con infliximab. Este paciente falleció. Conclusiones: El CCM es raro, se presenta en adultos con unas manifestaciones clínicas no definidas; su diagnóstico temprano se realiza por sospecha y la biopsia se confirma mediante técnicas de inmunohistoquímica. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, con técnica del ganglio centinela, y quimio-radioterapia adyuvante.


Aim: Our purpose was to report on three patients having Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). This tumor is a trabecular carcinoma or undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the skin. It represents a rare and well-defined characteristic neoplasm, associated with radiation, immunosuppression and recently with the polyomavirus. Material and methods: Descriptive clinical study of three adult patients treated between 2011 and 2013 in our center either in the General Surgery Department or Oral Surgery Department. There were two men (50 and 79 years) and one woman (79 years). Results: The youngest man presented with a right inguinal lymph node. The primary lesion was not found. The second male patient had been on infliximab therapy due inflammatory bowel disease and had a lesion on the inferior lip. The single female patient had a right pretibial lesion. Diagnosis was made by means of immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies (CAM 5.2 and CK-20 positive, TTF-1 negative, chromogranin and NSE positive intermediate 2 and 1). In all three cases surgery and sentinel node technique was performed. After surgery, treatment was continued with adjuvant chemotherapy in two patients. Radiotherapy was applied to the patient who had been on infliximab therapy. This patient ultimately died. Conclusions: MCC is a rare tumor. It occurs in adult patients with distinct clinical features. It has to be suspected to allow an early diagnosis. Diagnosis is made by biopsy and it is confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Surgery with the sentinel node technique is the usual treatment, besides adjuvant chemoradiotherapy it is also applied.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
3.
J Sci Food Agric ; 96(12): 3983-90, 2016 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26693660

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This research analyses the environmental impact of the creation of Agaricus bisporus compost packages. The composting process is the intermediate stage of the mushroom production process, subsequent to the mycelium cultivation stage and prior to the fruiting bodies cultivation stage. RESULTS: A full life cycle assessment model of the Agaricus bisporus composting process has been developed through the identification and analysis of the inputs-outputs and energy consumption of the activities involved in the production process. The study has been developed based on data collected from a plant during a 1 year campaign, thereby obtaining accurate information used to analyse the environmental impact of the process. CONCLUSION: A global analysis of the main stages of the process shows that the process that has the greatest impact in most categories is the compost batch preparation process. This is due to an increased consumption of energy resources by the machinery that mixes the raw materials to create the batch. At the composting process inside the tunnel stage, the activity that has the greatest impact in almost all categories studied is the initial stage of composting. This is due to higher energy consumption during the process compared to the other stages. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.


Subject(s)
Agaricus/growth & development , Soil Microbiology , Soil/chemistry , Environment , Humans , Life Cycle Stages
4.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 66(1): 101-111, ene.-mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-717211

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la aparición de casos de malaria en zonas donde se creía controlada, como lo es la Región Autónoma Atlántica Norte en Nicaragua, se debe a múltiples factores como el costo de los productos químicos para el control vectorial, zonas de difícil accesibilidad y altos índices de pobreza. Recientemente existe un marcado interés en disminuir la incidencia y prevalencia de la malaria en esta área, mediante la producción y aplicación de alternativas biológicas de control. Objetivos: establecer y estandarizar la cría de Romanomermis culicivorax para la producción masiva en condiciones de laboratorio y su utilización en criaderos naturales para reducir la población de Anopheles albimanus en 3 municipios de la Región Autónoma Atlántica Norte. Métodos: se utilizaron cultivos de una cepa de Romanomermis culicivorax provenientes del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí de La Habana, Cuba. El establecimiento y la producción de esta cepa se hizo siguiendo la metodología descrita por especialistas cubanos. El trabajo se realizó en 7 criaderos de 5 barrios pertenecientes a los municipios Puerto Cabezas, Waspam y Rosita, desde noviembre de 2009 a marzo de 2011. Resultados: se estableció y estandarizó la cría del nematodo, utilizando la dosis de infestación de 7:1 (7 pre-parasíticos por larva) en condiciones de laboratorio. La dosis de aplicación en los criaderos fue 1 000 pre-parasíticos/m²,demostrando ser adecuada para las condiciones de campo. Se lograron porcentajes de reducción elevados y en menor tiempo en los municipios Waspam y Rosita. Se demostró la permanencia del nematodo en los criaderos. Conclusiones: se establece por primera vez y con éxito la producción masiva de Romanomermis culicivorax en Nicaragua. Los resultados en el terreno demostraron la eficiencia de este nematodo para controlar densidades larvales de Anopheles albimanus, lo cual constituye una alternativa de control vectorial(AU)


Introduction: the emergence of malaria cases in areas where the disease was thought to be controlled, such as the North Atlantic Autonomous Region in Nicaragua, is due to a variety of factors, such as the cost of chemicals for vector control, the inaccessibility of areas and the high rates of poverty. A marked interest has recently arisen in reducing the incidence and prevalence of malaria in the region by developing and implementing biological control alternatives. Objectives: establish and standardize the breeding of Romanomermis culicivorax for mass production under laboratory conditions and for its use in natural breeding sites to reduce the population of Anopheles albimanus in three municipalities of the North Atlantic Autonomous Region. Methods: the study was based on cultures of a Romanomermis culicivorax strain obtained from Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute in Havana, Cuba. The strain was established and produced following the methodology described by Cuban specialists. The research was conducted at 7 breeding sites from 5 districts in the municipalities of Puerto Cabezas, Waspam and Rosita, from November 2009 to March 2011. Results: breeding of the nematode was established and standardized with a 7:1 infestation dose (7 preparasites per larva) under laboratory conditions. The application dose at breeding sites was 1 000 preparasites/m², which proved to be appropriate for field conditions. High reduction percentages were obtained. These were achieved in a shorter time in the municipalities of Waspam and Rosita. It was found that the nematodes remained at the breeding sites. Conclusions: successful mass production of Romanomermis culicivorax is established for the first time in Nicaragua. Field results show the efficiency of this nematode to control larval densities of Anopheles albimanus, constituting a vector control alternative(AU)


Subject(s)
Pest Control, Biological/methods , Malaria/prevention & control , Mermithoidea/parasitology
5.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 66(1): 101-111, ene.-mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-58222

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la aparición de casos de malaria en zonas donde se creía controlada, como lo es la Región Autónoma Atlántica Norte en Nicaragua, se debe a múltiples factores como el costo de los productos químicos para el control vectorial, zonas de difícil accesibilidad y altos índices de pobreza. Recientemente existe un marcado interés en disminuir la incidencia y prevalencia de la malaria en esta área, mediante la producción y aplicación de alternativas biológicas de control. Objetivos: establecer y estandarizar la cría de Romanomermis culicivorax para la producción masiva en condiciones de laboratorio y su utilización en criaderos naturales para reducir la población de Anopheles albimanus en 3 municipios de la Región Autónoma Atlántica Norte. Métodos: se utilizaron cultivos de una cepa de Romanomermis culicivorax provenientes del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí de La Habana, Cuba. El establecimiento y la producción de esta cepa se hizo siguiendo la metodología descrita por especialistas cubanos. El trabajo se realizó en 7 criaderos de 5 barrios pertenecientes a los municipios Puerto Cabezas, Waspam y Rosita, desde noviembre de 2009 a marzo de 2011. Resultados: se estableció y estandarizó la cría del nematodo, utilizando la dosis de infestación de 7:1 (7 pre-parasíticos por larva) en condiciones de laboratorio. La dosis de aplicación en los criaderos fue 1 000 pre-parasíticos/m²,demostrando ser adecuada para las condiciones de campo. Se lograron porcentajes de reducción elevados y en menor tiempo en los municipios Waspam y Rosita. Se demostró la permanencia del nematodo en los criaderos. Conclusiones: se establece por primera vez y con éxito la producción masiva de Romanomermis culicivorax en Nicaragua. Los resultados en el terreno demostraron la eficiencia de este nematodo para controlar densidades larvales de Anopheles albimanus, lo cual constituye una alternativa de control vectorial(AU)


Introduction: the emergence of malaria cases in areas where the disease was thought to be controlled, such as the North Atlantic Autonomous Region in Nicaragua, is due to a variety of factors, such as the cost of chemicals for vector control, the inaccessibility of areas and the high rates of poverty. A marked interest has recently arisen in reducing the incidence and prevalence of malaria in the region by developing and implementing biological control alternatives. Objectives: establish and standardize the breeding of Romanomermis culicivorax for mass production under laboratory conditions and for its use in natural breeding sites to reduce the population of Anopheles albimanus in three municipalities of the North Atlantic Autonomous Region. Methods: the study was based on cultures of a Romanomermis culicivorax strain obtained from Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute in Havana, Cuba. The strain was established and produced following the methodology described by Cuban specialists. The research was conducted at 7 breeding sites from 5 districts in the municipalities of Puerto Cabezas, Waspam and Rosita, from November 2009 to March 2011. Results: breeding of the nematode was established and standardized with a 7:1 infestation dose (7 preparasites per larva) under laboratory conditions. The application dose at breeding sites was 1 000 preparasites/m², which proved to be appropriate for field conditions. High reduction percentages were obtained. These were achieved in a shorter time in the municipalities of Waspam and Rosita. It was found that the nematodes remained at the breeding sites. Conclusions: successful mass production of Romanomermis culicivorax is established for the first time in Nicaragua. Field results show the efficiency of this nematode to control larval densities of Anopheles albimanus, constituting a vector control alternative(AU)


Subject(s)
Malaria/prevention & control , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Mermithoidea/parasitology
6.
J Amino Acids ; 2011: 352538, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22332000

ABSTRACT

The aspartate pathway of amino acid biosynthesis is essential for all microbial life but is absent in mammals. Characterizing the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in this pathway can identify new protein targets for the development of antibiotics with unique modes of action. The enzyme aspartate ß-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes an early branch point reaction in the aspartate pathway. Kinetic, mutagenic, and structural studies of ASADH from various microbial species have been used to elucidate mechanistic details and to identify essential amino acids involved in substrate binding, catalysis, and enzyme regulation. Important structural and functional differences have been found between ASADHs isolated from these bacterial and fungal organisms, opening the possibility for developing species-specific antimicrobial agents that target this family of enzymes.

7.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-49680

ABSTRACT

La angina de pecho crónica estable es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por dolor o malestar precordial secundario a isquemia miocárdica y sin características clínicas de inestabilidad. El debate actual sobre esta entidad clínica incluye tres aspectos fundamentales: diagnóstico, prevalencia e impacto socioeconómico, y tratamiento médico frente a revascularización miocárdica. En los últimos cuatro años se han dado a conocer los resultados de varios estudios multicéntricos de gran importancia que compararon tratamiento médico con revascularización miocárdica y cirugía de revascularización frente a intervención coronaria percutánea; además, han mejorado las técnicas de revascularización y existe abundante información sobre la eficacia de nuevos fármacos antiisquémicos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión de los aspectos actuales más importantes relacionados con la angina de pecho estable y su tratamiento, publicados en la literatura especializada(AU)


Chronic stable angina is a clinical syndrome characterized by chest pain or pectoral discomfort secondary to myocardial ischemia. It does not present clinical features of instability. The current debate on this clinical entity includes three aspects: diagnosis; prevalence and socioeconomic impact; and medical treatment versus myocardial revascularization. In the past four years results of several major multicenter studies comparing medical treatment with revascularization and bypass surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention have been released. In addition, revascularization techniques have been improved and information on anti-ischemic efficacy of new drugs is now abundant. This paper is aimed at reviewing the most important current issues related to stable angina and its treatment, according to specialized literature(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Angina Pectoris/epidemiology , Angina Pectoris/physiopathology , Angina Pectoris/therapy
8.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 130(20): 761-6, 2008 May 31.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18579028

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and the usefulness of an in vitro interferon gamma release assay in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in immunocompromised hospital-based population. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A cohort of 445 high-risk adults from a hospital located in an intermediate tuberculosis burden area were prospectively evaluated for latent tuberculosis by means of the whole blood in vitro QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay (QTF), measuring tuberculosis-specific interferon gamma release by memory-effector T lymphocytes. RESULTS: Overall the test displayed a positive result in 15.43% patients. Among the different risk groups, hemodialysis patients revealed the highest positive rates (30.23%). Indeterminate results (10.19% on the whole) were more often seen in neoplastic (18.03%) patients and in patients with autoimmune disease (17%). In 291 patients in whom QTF and Mantoux were simultaneously performed, concordance was moderate (kappa = 0.4520) with a 76.8% agreement when Mantoux was negative (179/233) but reaching only 50% (29/58) when Mantoux positive patients were selected. CONCLUSIONS: QFT test is suitable for routine latent tuberculosis diagnosis in hospital-based immunocompromised patients. At least in some of them, i.e. hemodialysis and patients with autoimmune suppression, QFT adds valuable information for therapeutical decision-making. In Mantoux positive patients, it is very useful for ruling-out false positives due to BCG-vaccination and/or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.


Subject(s)
Interferon-alpha/analysis , Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis , Lymphocytes/immunology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Serologic Tests/methods
9.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 130(20): 761-766, mayo 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66194

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Evaluar la aplicabilidad en el medio hospitalario de una prueba de interferóngamma in vitro en respuesta a antígenos específicos, así como valorar su utilidad en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis latente en pacientes con alto riesgo de reactivación tuberculosa.PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo realizado en una cohorte de pacientes hospitalariosformada por 445 adultos seleccionados por pertenecer a grupos de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad tuberculosa activa, procedentes de una región con una incidencia intermedia de tuberculosis activa declarada en la población general. Se realizó una prueba deproducción de interferón gamma in vitro en sangre total tras estimulación específica de antígeno, denominada QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay (QTF), que valora la respuesta de los linfocitos T efectores de memoria, específicos de tuberculosis.RESULTADOS: La prueba fue positiva en el 15,43% de los casos. El mayor número de positivos (30,23%) se observó entre los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Los resultados indeterminados (un 10,19% en total) fueron más frecuentes en pacientes con enfermedades neoplásicas y autoinmunitarias (el 18,03 y el 17%, respectivamente). En 291 casos en que se realizó simultáneamente la intradermorreacción de Mantoux, la concordancia fue moderada (kappa = 0,4520), con un 76,8% de acuerdo en caso de Mantoux negativo (179/233), pero sólo del 50% (29/58) cuando el Mantoux fue positivo.CONCLUSIONES: La prueba QTF puede aplicarse habitualmente en el medio hospitalario para eldiagnóstico de tuberculosis latente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Al menos en algunos de éstos (pacientes en hemodiálisis, con enfermedades autoinmunitarias) aporta información adicionalmuy valiosa a la hora de tomar decisiones terapéuticas. En pacientes con Mantoux positivo es muy útil para descartar falsos positivos debidos a vacunación antituberculosa y/o infección por micobacterias atípicas


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and the usefulness of an in vitro interferon gamma release assay in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in immunocompromisedhospital-based population.PATIENTS AND METHOD: A cohort of 445 high-risk adults from a hospital located in an intermediatetuberculosis burden area were prospectively evaluated for latent tuberculosis by means of the whole blood in vitro QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay (QTF), measuring tuberculosis-specific interferon gamma release by memory-effector T lymphocytes.RESULTS: Overall the test displayed a positive result in 15.43% patients. Among the different risk groups, hemodialysis patients revealed the highest positive rates (30.23%). Indeterminate results (10.19% on the whole) were more often seen in neoplastic (18.03%) patients and in patients with autoimmune disease (17%). In 291 patients in whom QTF and Mantoux were simultaneously performed, concordance was moderate (kappa = 0.4520) with a 76.8% agreement when Mantoux was negative (179/233) but reaching only 50% (29/58) when Mantoux positive patients were selected.CONCLUSIONS: QFT test is suitable for routine latent tuberculosis diagnosis in hospital-based immunocompromised patients. At least in some of them, i.e. hemodialysis and patients with autoimmunesuppression, QFT adds valuable information for therapeutical decision-making. In Mantoux positive patients, it is very useful for ruling-out false positives due to BCG-vaccination and/or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Interferon-gamma , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/complications , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Intradermal Tests/methods , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects
10.
Todo hosp ; (244): 109-116, mar. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-75708

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se expone la actividad quirúrgica realizada durante la atención continuada (periodo deiempo no cubierto por la jornada laboral de funcionamiento de los servicios, con atención de urencasinternas y externas del hospital) en un Servicio de cirugia General. Los objetivos son conocer la patología intervenida, el tiempo invertido en la crugía y laefectividad y calidad de la cirugía urgente. El estudio clinico prospectivo se realizo con 245 pacientes operados durante la guardia de presencia física (misma cirujano) pr los especialistas de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo del complejo Hospitalario Uniersitario de Albacete, hospital e tercer nivel, de 1 de agosto de 2004 al 31 de julio de 2005 (AU)


The aims of this prospective study are to determine the pathology requiring intervention in continuous nursing care (supervision with physical presence) in and for a General Surgery Department, the time employed in surgical care and the effectiveness and quality in emergency surgery. It is of great interest since there is no single set of rules about continuous nursing care, but rather very wide-ranging health legislation (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Surgery Department, Hospital/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , Prospective Studies , Hospitals, University/organization & administration
11.
Cir Esp ; 82(4): 224-30, 2007 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17942048

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Clinical Teams are framed within the New Organizational Models (1996) and Spanish national health system's Strategic Plan (1997). The objectives of the internal organization model are as follows: A) General: to implement health management systems in the health service. B) Specific: service, quality and financial improvement. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Methodology. 1. Jurisdiction. Self-managing despite having no separate legal status. 2. Creation: a) feasibility study and project viability. The drafting committee consisted of representatives of the Services' physicians, other health professionals and non-health employees (Representation and Participation Organizations), and explained the portfolio of specialty services and new diagnosis and treatment techniques to be implemented. Costs and a strategic analysis of the situation were evaluated. The project was approved by management and was sent to the Ministry of Health (formerly to the Territorial Health Agency (ratified) and to the Spanish national health system's General Directorate for Organization and Planning); b) homologation: institutional approval of health centers' self-management and the feasibility of the proposals. MATERIAL: 1. Resources. Resources of the assigned Services. 2. Structure. Horizontality, simplicity and operativity. 3. PURPOSE: a) clinical: role assigned to Specialized Care Services; b) management: responsibility for proper working order (actions), personnel performance (tasks), and custody and use of material resources (available resources), carried out with active and responsible participation of all departments. 4. Quality plan: patient-oriented care, evidence-based medicine (standards and protocols), evaluation of medical technologies (service corporation) and corporative quality guarantee. CONCLUSIONS: A voluntary, innovative, participative and decentralized management model.


Subject(s)
Hospital Planning , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Humans , Models, Organizational , Organizational Objectives , Program Evaluation , Spain
12.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 82(4): 224-230, oct. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056521

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las áreas clínicas se enmarcan en los Nuevos Modelos de Organización (1996) y en el Plan Estratégico del INSALUD (1997). Modelo organizativo interno cuyos objetivos son: a) generales: adoptar sistemas de gestión clínica e integral de la asistencia sanitaria, y b) específicos: mejora asistencial, de la calidad y económica. Material y método. Metodología. 1. Régimen jurídico: autonomía de gestión sin naturaleza jurídica propia. 2. Creación: a) estudio de factibilidad del proyecto. La comisión redactora la constituyen representantes de los facultativos de los servicios, del personal sanitario no facultativo y del personal no sanitario (órganos de representación y participación); explica la cartera de servicios y nuevas técnicas diagnósticas y de tratamiento a incorporar, evalúa costes y hace un análisis estratégico de la situación. El proyecto lo aprueba la gerencia y se envía a la Consejería de Sanidad (antaño, a la Dirección Territorial, que ratificaba, y a la Dirección General de Organización y Planificación del INSALUD), y b) homologación. Voluntad institucional de dotar a los centros sanitarios de autonomía de gestión y de factibilidad de las propuestas. Material. 1. Dotación: recursos de los servicios asignados. 2. Estructura: horizontalidad, simplicidad y operatividad. 3. Funciones: a) clínicas, las atribuidas a los servicios de atención especializada, y b) gestión, responsabilidad en el correcto funcionamiento (acciones), la actividad del personal (tareas) y la custodia y la utilización adecuadas de los recursos materiales (recursos disponibles), con la implicación activa y responsable de los profesionales. 4. Plan de calidad: atención centrada en el paciente, medicina basada en la evidencia científica (estándares y protocolos), evaluación de las tecnologías médicas (empresa de servicios) y garantía de calidad corporativa. Conclusiones. Modelo de gestión voluntario, innovador, participativo y descentralizado (AU)


Introduction. Clinical Teams are framed within the New Organizational Models (1996) and Spanish national health system's Strategic Plan (1997). The objectives of the internal organization model are as follows: A) General: to implement health management systems in the health service. B) Specific: service, quality and financial improvement. Material and method. Methodology. 1. Jurisdiction. Self-managing despite having no separate legal status. 2. Creation: a) feasibility study and project viability. The drafting committee consisted of representatives of the Services' physicians, other health professionals and non-health employees (Representation and Participation Organizations), and explained the portfolio of specialty services and new diagnosis and treatment techniques to be implemented. Costs and a strategic analysis of the situation were evaluated. The project was approved by management and was sent to the Ministry of Health (formerly to the Territorial Health Agency (ratified) and to the Spanish national health system's General Directorate for Organization and Planning); b) homologation: institutional approval of health centers' self-management and the feasibility of the proposals. Material. 1. Resources. Resources of the assigned Services. 2. Structure. Horizontality, simplicity and operativity. 3. Purpose: a) clinical: role assigned to Specialized Care Services; b) management: responsibility for proper working order (actions), personnel performance (tasks), and custody and use of material resources (available resources), carried out with active and responsible participation of all departments. 4. Quality plan: patient-oriented care, evidence-based medicine (standards and protocols), evaluation of medical technologies (service corporation) and corporative quality guarantee. Conclusions. A voluntary, innovative, participative and decentralized management model (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Facility Planning/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , Models, Organizational , Spain
13.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 21(2): 151-158, jun. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-406093

ABSTRACT

En las dos últimas décadas los enterococos han pasado de ser considerados comensales de baja patogenicidad a convertirse en una importante causa de infección intrahospitalaria. Por ser cocos grampositivos, anaerobios facultativos y catalasa negativos, en el pasado se los consideró como pertenecientes al género Streptococcus; sin embargo, estudios genéticos marcaron claras diferencias, por lo cual a partir de la década de 1980 se constituyeron como un nuevo género llamado Enterococcus. Presentan resistencia antibiótica intrínseca de bajo nivel a betalactámicos y aminoglucósidos. Pueden adquirir resistencia de alto nivel a los mismos grupos de antibióticos y además han adquirido resistencia a glicopéptidos (vancomicina y teicoplanina). Este se presenta, actualmente, como el gran problema de resistencia emergente en este género, particularmente en Enterococcus faecium. Se han reportado siete genotipos de resistencia a glicopéptidos denominados vanA a vanG, de los cuales hasta el momento sólo dos (vanA y vanB) tienen impacto clínico por su capacidad de transferencia entre especies y géneros diferentes. Las infecciones por enterococos resistentes a la vancomicina (ERV) se producen casi exclusivamente a nivel hospitalario. Los tres primeros casos de este tipo detectados en Uruguay fueron aislados de una colonización urinaria, una infección intraabdominal polimicrobiana y una endocarditis infecciosa. La circulación de cepas de ERV en un centro de salud obliga a implementar medidas de vigilancia activa para identificar los reservorios y así hacer posible las medidas de control de la diseminación cruzada. El objetivo de esta comunicación ha sido la notificación de aislamientos de Enterococcus faecium resistentes a la vancomicina en nuestro medio, acompañada de una actualización del tema que permite comprender el significado, la trascendencia de lo informado y las medidas de control que se plantean.


Subject(s)
Risk , Enterococcus faecium , Enterococcus , Vancomycin Resistance
14.
Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr ; 60(Pt 12 Pt 2): 2320-4, 2004 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15583380

ABSTRACT

The reversible dephosphorylation of beta-aspartyl phosphate to L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde (ASA) in the aspartate biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH). The phosphate that is present to activate the aspartate carboxyl group is held in a separate and distinct binding site once removed and prior to its release from the enzyme. This site had been shown to be selective for tetrahedral oxyanions, with several competitive inhibitors and alternative substrates previously identified for the reverse reaction. Structural studies have now shown that the most potent oxyanion inhibitor (periodate) and a good alternative substrate (arsenate) each occupy the same catalytic phosphate-binding site. However, a rotation of a threonine side chain (Thr137) in the periodate complex disrupts an important hydrogen-bonding interaction with an active-site glutamate (Glu243) that participates in substrate orientation. This subtle change appears to be the difference between a substrate and an inhibitor of this enzyme.


Subject(s)
Anions/chemistry , Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Arsenates/chemistry , Binding Sites , Binding, Competitive , Catalysis , Glutamic Acid/chemistry , Haemophilus influenzae/metabolism , Hydrogen Bonding , Ions , Ligands , Models, Chemical , Models, Molecular , Oxygen/chemistry , Periodic Acid/chemistry , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , Substrate Specificity , Threonine/chemistry
15.
Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr ; 60(Pt 10): 1808-15, 2004 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15388927

ABSTRACT

Aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes the reductive dephosphorylation of beta-aspartyl phosphate to L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde in the aspartate biosynthetic pathway. This pathway is not found in humans or other eukaryotic organisms, yet is required for the production of threonine, isoleucine, methionine and lysine in most microorganisms. The mechanism of this enzyme has been examined through the structures of two active-site mutants of ASADH from Haemophilus influenzae. Replacement of the enzyme active-site cysteine with serine (C136S) leads to a dramatic loss of catalytic activity caused by the expected decrease in nucleophilicity, but also by a change in the orientation of the serine hydroxyl group relative to the cysteine thiolate. In contrast, in the H277N active-site mutant the introduced amide is oriented in virtually the same position as that of the histidine imidazole ring. However, a shift in the position of the bound reaction intermediate to accommodate this shorter asparagine side chain, coupled with the inability of this introduced amide to serve as a proton acceptor, results in a 100-fold decrease in the catalytic efficiency of H277N relative to the native enzyme. These mutant enzymes have the same overall fold and high structural identity to native ASADH. However, small perturbations in the positioning of essential catalytic groups or reactive intermediates have dramatic effects on catalytic efficiency.


Subject(s)
Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Binding Sites , Catalysis , Catalytic Domain , Cysteine/chemistry , Haemophilus influenzae/enzymology , Kinetics , Models, Chemical , Models, Molecular , Mutation , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , Protein Structure, Secondary , Protons , Serine/chemistry
16.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 76(3): 177-183, sept. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35046

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los objetivos de este trabajo han sido evaluar la implicación de los profesionales, los financiadores y los gestores sanitarios en la implantación y expansión de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA), y la importancia de las unidades de CMA o sin ingreso (UCMA/UCSI) en su consolidación. Material y método. En España, la CMA se desarrolla en 3 etapas: inicio (antes de 1992), afianzamiento (1992-1998) y madurez (desde 1999). Origina cambios económicos, de organización y funcionamiento, así como en la calidad asistencial de los hospitales y en la perspectiva de gestores y financiadores sanitarios. Se estudia la actividad de la CMA en los 4 grupos de hospitales del INSALUD. Las estructuras organizativas idóneas para desarrollar esta modalidad asistencial son las UCMA/UCSI, por lo que se compara la CMA realizada en un hospital con UCSI y sin ella. Resultados. En el INSALUD, la CMA creció un 282,61 por ciento entre 1994 y 1998 y un 266 por ciento de 1998 al 2001.De un 22 por ciento de CMA en los hospitales en 1998 se ha pasado a un 41,4 por ciento en el 2001. La cirugía con ingreso aumentó un 12 por ciento de 1994 a 2001 y el peso medio hospitalario un 40,95 por ciento. La estancia media descendió un 8,3 por ciento. En la UCSI del Hospital Nuestra Señora del Prado se realizó, en el año 2001, un 98,17 por ciento más CMA que en 1998 (no existía unidad), con mejora de los indicadores hospitalarios. En el Hospital Santos Reyes aumentó un 3,75 por ciento, al carecer de unidad, de 1999 al 2001.Conclusiones. Los médicos iniciaron e implantaron la CMA en los hospitales. Los gestores y los financiadores sanitarios, a posteriori, ayudaron a su consolidación y expansión. La CMA introduce cambios en la organización de los hospitales, aumenta la calidad asistencial, la satisfacción del paciente y del equipo asistencial, y mejora la utilización de los recursos. La UCMA/UCSI incrementa la capacidad resolutiva de los hospitales (efectividad y eficiencia) y es fundamental para que la CMA cumpla con sus objetivos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Surgery Department, Hospital , Patient Satisfaction , Spain , Quality of Health Care
17.
Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr ; 60(Pt 8): 1388-95, 2004 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15272161

ABSTRACT

The reversible dephosphorylation of beta-aspartyl phosphate to L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde (ASA) in the aspartate biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH). The product of this reaction is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of diaminopimelic acid, an integral component of bacterial cell walls and a metabolic precursor of lysine and also a precursor in the biosynthesis of threonine, isoleucine and methionine. The structures of selected Haemophilus influenzae ASADH mutants were determined in order to evaluate the residues that are proposed to interact with the substrates ASA or phosphate. The substrate Km values are not altered by replacement of either an active-site arginine (Arg270) with a lysine or a putative phosphate-binding group (Lys246) with an arginine. However, the interaction of phosphate with the enzyme is adversely affected by replacement of Arg103 with lysine and is significantly altered when a neutral leucine is substituted at this position. A conservative Glu243 to aspartate mutant does not alter either ASA or phosphate binding, but instead results in an eightfold increase in the Km for the coenzyme NADP. Each of the mutations is shown to cause specific subtle active-site structural alterations and each of these changes results in decreases in catalytic efficiency ranging from significant (approximately 3% native activity) to substantial (<0.1% native activity).


Subject(s)
Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Haemophilus influenzae/enzymology , Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/genetics , Binding Sites , Crystallography, X-Ray , Enzyme Stability , Haemophilus influenzae/genetics , Kinetics , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Mutation/genetics , Phosphates/metabolism , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Structure-Activity Relationship , Temperature
18.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 100(22): 12613-7, 2003 Oct 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14559965

ABSTRACT

The structural analysis of an enzymatic reaction intermediate affords a unique opportunity to study a catalytic mechanism in extraordinary detail. Here we present the structure of a tetrahedral intermediate in the catalytic cycle of aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) from Haemophilus influenzae at 2.0-A resolution. ASADH is not found in humans, yet its catalytic activity is required for the biosynthesis of essential amino acids in plants and microorganisms. Diaminopimelic acid, also formed by this enzymatic pathway, is an integral component of bacterial cell walls, thus making ASADH an attractive target for the development of new antibiotics. This enzyme is able to capture the substrates aspartate-beta-semialdehyde and phosphate as an active complex that does not complete the catalytic cycle in the absence of NADP. A distinctive binding pocket in which the hemithioacetal oxygen of the bound substrate is stabilized by interaction with a backbone amide group dictates the R stereochemistry of the tetrahedral intermediate. This pocket, reminiscent of the oxyanion hole found in serine proteases, is completed through hydrogen bonding to the bound phosphate substrate.


Subject(s)
Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Amino Acids, Essential/biosynthesis , Apoenzymes/chemistry , Binding Sites , Catalysis , Crystallography, X-Ray , Haemophilus influenzae/enzymology , Models, Molecular , Protein Conformation , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
19.
Protein Sci ; 12(1): 27-33, 2003 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12493825

ABSTRACT

L-Aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes the reductive dephosphorylation of beta-aspartyl phosphate to L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde in the aspartate biosynthetic pathway of plants and micro-organisms. The aspartate pathway produces fully one-quarter of the naturally occurring amino acids, but is not found in humans or other eukaryotic organisms, making ASADH an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial, fungicidal, or herbicidal compounds. We have determined the structure of ASADH from Vibrio cholerae in two states; the apoenzyme and a complex with NADP, and a covalently bound active site inhibitor, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide. Upon binding the inhibitor undergoes an enzyme-catalyzed reductive demethylation leading to a covalently bound cysteine that is observed in the complex structure. The enzyme is a functional homodimer, with extensive intersubunit contacts and a symmetrical 4-amino acid bridge linking the active site residues in adjacent subunits that could serve as a communication channel. The active site is essentially preformed, with minimal differences in active site conformation in the apoenzyme relative to the ternary inhibitor complex. The conformational changes that do occur result primarily from NADP binding, and are localized to the repositioning of two surface loops located on the rim at opposite sides of the NADP cleft.


Subject(s)
Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Cysteine/analogs & derivatives , Vibrio cholerae/enzymology , Apoenzymes/chemistry , Apoenzymes/metabolism , Binding Sites , Cysteine/chemistry , Cysteine/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Methylation , Models, Molecular , NADP/metabolism , Protein Conformation
20.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 72(3): 138-142, sept. 2002. tab, ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14773

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los objetivos del estudio son conocer los efectos de la implantación en el hospital de la Unidad de Cirugía Sin Ingreso (UCSI) y la cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) sobre los siguientes indicadores hospitalarios: actividad quirúrgica, complejidad, estancia media, índice de estancia media ajustada y peso medio. Material y método. La UCSI, unidad integrada tipo III, se inauguró el 4 de octubre de 1999. Las patologías intervenidas son monitorizadas por el INSALUD, participando los servicios que realizan técnicas quirúrgicas con protocolos de inclusión, cuidados de enfermería y anestesia. Resultados. Durante el año 2000 se intervino por CMA a 1.786 pacientes (aumento del 220,07 por ciento respecto a 1996); el índice de sustitución medio global fue del 50 por ciento (1999 y 2000) y el peso medio, de 0,82; hubo un 1,6 por ciento de suspensiones, un 0,1 por ciento de reingresos y un 98 por ciento de satisfacción, y el 90,3 por ciento de los pacientes volvería a operarse por ella. La estancia media hospitalaria de 2000 (7,45 días) aumentó un 3,9 por ciento respecto a 1999 (7,17 días), con una estancia media sin outliers igual (6,40 días), por mayor peso medio de la patología ingresada (1,99 en 2000; 1,75 en 1999). De 1996 a 2000 el peso medio hospitalario aumentó un 33,65 por ciento, y un 9,47 por ciento el índice de complejidad. El índice de estancia media ajustada (IEMA) descendió un 4 por ciento. Conclusiones. El IEMA disminuye y el índice de complejidad aumenta cuando el índice de sustitución por CMA es superior al 30 por ciento, y la estancia media hospitalaria y quirúrgica aumentan al existir procesos hospitalizados quirúrgicos con mayor peso, controlando las estancias para evitar su elevación. El incremento de la actividad quirúrgica con CMA disminuye la demora media en lista de espera, pero la demanda quirúrgica inducida no permite descensos espectaculares. Los índices de calidad demuestran que se trata de una forma de asistencia segura y fiable, con un excelente grado de satisfacción y aceptación por parte de la población (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Male , Humans , Health Planning Technical Assistance/standards , Health Planning Technical Assistance/organization & administration , Ambulatory Care Facilities/organization & administration , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/organization & administration , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/trends , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Clinical Protocols , Indicators of Quality of Life , Indicators of Health Services/methods , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/standards , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/trends , Outpatients , Cataract/diagnosis , Cataract/therapy , Curettage/methods , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Vasectomy/methods , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/surgery , Phimosis/surgery , Lipoma/surgery , Adenoids/surgery , Fissure in Ano/surgery , Neoplasms, Basal Cell/surgery
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