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2.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Porto Alegre ; 53(3): 36-40, set.-out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-786827

ABSTRACT

Para caracterizar o entendimento do pediatra na recomendação decremes dentais na primeira infância é preciso um olhar mais amplo,que contemple não só seus conhecimentos efetivos, mas também o conhecimento potencial disponibilizado na literatura pediátrica. O pediatra é o responsável primeiro pelo controle da cárie dentária. Contraditoriamente, a entidade que orienta as práticas de assistênciaprimária pediátricas, a Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, ainda nãotem um departamento devotado à saúde bucal. A realização derevisões sistemáticas sugerem ao clínico recomendar a escovação apartir da erupção do primeiro dente, com escova macia e dentifríciofluoretado, apesar de ainda haver controvérsia sobre o uso desteultimo antes dos dois anos de vida da criança. A partir de umaenquete da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, observou-se que 80%dos pediatras alegaram encaminhar as crianças para a primeiraconsulta com o dentista, para cuidados preventivos, até o final deprimeiro ano de vida, o que indica um conhecimento – e uma condutapertinente – concordando com as recomendações vigentes. Opediatra e o dentista devem estabelecer uma das conexõeshorizontais para dar à criança o atendimento melhor possível, cujofoco e intensidade se baseará na avaliação permanente do risco decárie.


To characterize the understanding of pediatrician about therecommendation of dentifrices during the first childhood, a broaderlook is needed attempting not only their effective knowledge, but alsothe potential knowledge available in the literature. The pediatrician isresponsible, at first, for the control of dental caries. Contradictorily, theentity that guides the practices of pediatric primary assistance, i.e. theBrazilian Society of Pediatrics, still does not have a departmentdevoted to oral health. The conduction of systematic reviews suggest the clinician the recommendation of tooth brushing with dentifrice since the eruption of the first tooth, although there is still controversy regarding the use fluoride dentifrice before the age of two years. From a survey conducted by the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics it was observed that 80% of the pediatricians declared to refer children to a dentist for the first session of preventive care during the first one year of life, which indicates a knowledge – and a pertinent move – converging to the recommendations nowadays. The pediatrician and the dentist should establish on of the horizontal connections to provide the children the best available care, which focus and intensity will be based on the permanent evaluation of the risk for caries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Dentifrices , Fluorine , Toothpastes , Dental Caries , Oral Health , Public Health
3.
BMC Public Health ; 11: 695, 2011 Sep 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21899775

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although life course epidemiology is increasingly employed to conceptualize the determinants of health, the implications of this approach for strategies to reduce the burden of injuries have received little recognition to date. METHODS: The authors reviewed core injury concepts and the principles of the life course approach. Based on this understanding, a conceptual model was developed, to provide a holistic view of the mechanisms that underlie the accumulation of injury risk and their consequences over the life course. RESULTS: A "lens and telescope" model is proposed that particularly draws on (a) the extended temporal dimension inherent in the life course approach, with links between exposures and outcomes that span many years, or even generations, and (b) an ecological perspective, according to which the contexts in which individuals live are critical, as are changes in those contexts over time. CONCLUSIONS: By explicitly examining longer-term, intergenerational and ecological perspectives, life course concepts can inform and strengthen traditional approaches to injury prevention and control that have a strong focus on proximal factors. The model proposed also serves as a tool to identify intervention strategies that have co-benefits for other areas of health.


Subject(s)
Epidemiologic Methods , Metaphor , Models, Theoretical , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Humans , Lenses , Telescopes , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology
4.
Inform Health Soc Care ; 34(4): 189-208, 2009 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19919297

ABSTRACT

To report the implementation of an open source web survey application and a case study of its first utilisation, particularly as to aspects of logistics and response behaviour, in a survey of Brazilian university students' conceptions about injury causing events. We developed an original application capable of recruiting respondents, sending personal e-mail invitations, storing responses and exporting data. Students of medical, law, communication and education schools were asked about personal attributes and conceptions of the term accident, as to associations and preventability. The response rate was 34.5%. Half of the subjects responded by the second day, 66.3% during the first week. Subjects around 4.2% (95% CI 3.3-5.4) refused to disclose religious persuasion, and 19.2% (95% CI 17.2-21.3) refused to disclose political persuasion, whereas only 2.8% (95% CI 2.1-3.8), on average, refused to answer questions on conceptions and attitudes. There was no significant difference between early and late respondents in respect to selected attributes and conceptions of accident (P-value varied from 0.145 to 0.971). The word accident evoked the notion of preventability to 85.1% (95% CI 83.2 to 87.0) of the subjects, foreseeability to 50.3% (95% CI 47.7-53.0), fatality to 15.1% (95% CI 13.3-17.1) and intentionality to 2.3% (95% CI 1.6-3.2). Web surveying university students' conceptions about injuries is feasible in a middle-income country setting, yielding response rates similar to those found in the literature.


Subject(s)
Accidents , Concept Formation , Internet , Students/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Terminology as Topic , Young Adult
5.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 51(4): 70-74, out.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-859915

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O início precoce em esporte de competição vem produzindo um aumento de traumas em atletas jovens. Poucos estudos avaliaram a segurança entre velejadores iniciantes. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é determinar as taxas, características, causas e os fatores de risco para as lesões por causas externas entre velejadores adolescentes. Métodos: É um estudo transversal realizado no sul do Brasil durante o Campeonato Brasileiro da Classe Optimist. As variáveis e o padrão de treinamento foram obtidos por meio de um questionário padronizado. A taxa das lesões foi obtida após cada regata por meio do questionário e exame físico. O nível da gravidade foi classificado como grave, médio e leve. Após uma análise descritiva (IC 95%), uma análise multivariada por regressão logística foi utilizada para determinar os fatores de risco para lesões. Resultados: 118 velejadores foram avaliados durante sete dias. O número médio da idade e prática de vela era 12,74 e 3,2 anos respectivamente. Em 51 (43,2%) dos velejadores foram detectados 67 injúrias físicas, média de 0,56 eventos por velejador. De acordo com o grau da gravidade do trauma, 88,06% foram classificados como leves, 10,45% médio e 1,49% como grave. A cabeça (53,4%) foi a porção corporal mais atingida. A prática de outro esporte, além do iatismo, comportou-se como fator de proteção OR=0,39 (IC95% 0,17-0,89). Conclusão: Demonstrou-se uma taxa elevada de traumas durante a competição, principalmente na cabeça, embora em sua maioria fossem considerados leves. A prática de atividade física pode desenvolver habilidades gerais que contribuiriam para a redução de traumas em esportes de competição (AU)


Introduction: The early involvement of young athletes in sport competition has been leading to an increase in sport-related injuries. Few studies have evaluated the level of safety issues among young skippers. The objective of this study is to determine risk factors for injuries among young skippers during the Brazilian Championship. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out during during the Brazilian Championship of the Optimist Class, in southern Brazil. Variables and pattern of training activities were obtained by means of a standardized questionnaire. The rate of injuries during the National Championship was obtained after each regatta by means of a questionnaire and physical examination. Level of severity was classified as severe, medium severe, low severe. After a descriptive analysis (CI 95%), a multivariate analysis was performed by a logistic regression model in order to determine the risk factors for injury. Results: 118 skippers were evaluated during the seven days consecutively, the median of age and sailing practice were 12.74 and 3.2 years respectively. In 51 of the skippers (43.2%) reported 67 injuries, with a mean of 0.56 injury per skipper. As to the level of severity, 88.06% were classified as light, 10.45% as medium severe and 1,49% as severe. The most often injured part of the body was the head (53.4%). The practice of another sport activity besides sailing was a protector factor for injury, OR=0.39 (IC95% 0.17-0.89). Conclusion: This study showed a high injury rate during competition, mainly to the head, although most cases were light. The practice of physical activity may lead to development of general skills that could contribute to reduce injuries in competition sports (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Athletic Injuries/epidemiology , Sports/statistics & numerical data , Athletic Injuries/prevention & control , Prevalence , Risk Factors
6.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 83(5): 436-440, Sept.-Oct. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467354

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO:Avaliar a tendência do número de publicações oriundos dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros em saúde da criança e do adolescente e a proporção de citações desses artigos no MEDLINE e no Journal Citation Reports (JCR), utilizando a primeira base de dados como medida de eficiência e a última como indicador de visibilidade. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 14 programas de pós-graduação quanto ao número de teses, dissertações e artigos citados no MEDLINE e JCR, através de dados secundários das duas últimas avaliações trienais realizadas pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), de 1998 até 2000 e de 2001 até 2003. RESULTADOS:O número de artigos publicados aumentou (de 1.520 para 1.917), bem como o número mediano de artigos citados tanto no MEDLINE (de 32,5 para 45) como no JCR (de 24,5 para 27). O número mediano de dissertações aumentou de 19,5 para 26,5; o número mediano de teses cresceu de 12 para 13,5. O número mediano de orientadores diminuiu (de 21,5 para 18,4). CONCLUSÃO: Os programas de pós-graduação em saúde infantil e do adolescente tornaram-se mais eficientes quanto à produção de conhecimento através da publicação de mais artigos com maior visibilidade internacional. Tal tendência foi acompanhada contraditoriamente pela redução no número de orientadores.


OBJECTIVE:To assess the trend in the number of published articles by Brazilian graduate programs in child and adolescent health and the proportion of such publications cited in MEDLINE and Thomson Scientific's Journal Citation Reports (JCR), using the former database as a proxy for efficiency and the latter as an indicator of visibility. METHODS: We assessed the trends of 14 graduate programs concerning the number of theses, dissertations, and articles cited in MEDLINE and JCR, through secondary data from the latest two triennial evaluations carried out by the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Improvement of Higher Education (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES) between 1998 and 2000 and between 2001 and 2003). RESULTS:The number of published articles increased (1,520 to 1,917), as did the median number of articles cited both in MEDLINE (32.5 to 45) and in JCR (24.5 to 27). The median number of dissertations rose from 19.5 to 26.5; the median number of theses went up from 12 to 13.5. The median number of faculty advisors decreased (21.5 to 18.4). CONCLUSION: Graduate programs in child and adolescent health became more efficient in producing knowledge through the publication of more articles with broader international visibility. Such trend was contradictorily accompanied by a diminishing number of advisors.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Bibliometrics , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Graduate/statistics & numerical data , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data
7.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 83(5): 436-40, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17853957

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the trend in the number of published articles by Brazilian graduate programs in child and adolescent health and the proportion of such publications cited in MEDLINE and Thomson Scientific's Journal Citation Reports (JCR), using the former database as a proxy for efficiency and the latter as an indicator of visibility. METHODS: We assessed the trends of 14 graduate programs concerning the number of theses, dissertations, and articles cited in MEDLINE and JCR, through secondary data from the latest two triennial evaluations carried out by the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Improvement of Higher Education (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES) between 1998 and 2000 and between 2001 and 2003). RESULTS: The number of published articles increased (1,520 to 1,917), as did the median number of articles cited both in MEDLINE (32.5 to 45) and in JCR (24.5 to 27). The median number of dissertations rose from 19.5 to 26.5; the median number of theses went up from 12 to 13.5. The median number of faculty advisors decreased (21.5 to 18.4). CONCLUSION: Graduate programs in child and adolescent health became more efficient in producing knowledge through the publication of more articles with broader international visibility. Such trend was contradictorily accompanied by a diminishing number of advisors.


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Graduate/statistics & numerical data , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Brazil , Child , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Humans
9.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 82(2): 97-102, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16614762

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess (a) the trend of MEDLINE citation of pediatrics articles associated with Brazilian institutions from 1990 through 2004; (b) the number of Brazilian pediatrics articles published in journals with the highest impact factor; and (c) the regional distribution of institutions. METHODS: PubMed search limited to ages 0 to 18 years, English language, MEDLINE and humans subsets, Brazilian affiliation. For each year, we compared the articles retrieved to the whole of MEDLINE citations with the same search limits, except for affiliation, as well as to the total Brazilian scientific production cited in MEDLINE, without age limits. We made a descriptive analysis, and used the chi-square test for trend. Data concerning publication in journals with the highest impact factor were aggregated into three-year periods. RESULTS: A total of 7,222 Brazilian pediatrics articles were listed in MEDLINE from 1990 through 2004, corresponding to 0.95% of all articles concerning the age group from 0 to 18 years. There was a fivefold increase in the absolute number of Brazilian articles along the study period. The ratio of Brazilian to total articles increased from 0.51 to 1.60% (p < 0.01). Scientific knowledge production remains strongly concentrated in the Southeast of Brazil. CONCLUSION: Brazilian research activities in pediatrics have had a steady upward trend, which relates to the proportional growth of the Brazilian scientific production as a whole.


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Information Dissemination , Pediatrics/statistics & numerical data , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Publishing/statistics & numerical data , Abstracting and Indexing , Adolescent , Adolescent Health Services , Brazil , Child , Child Welfare , Databases, Bibliographic , Humans , MEDLINE , Periodicals as Topic/standards , Publishing/standards , Reference Values
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 82(2): 97-102, Mar.-Apr. 2006. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-428487

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess (a) the trend of MEDLINE citation of pediatrics articles associated with Brazilian institutions from 1990 through 2004; (b) the number of Brazilian pediatrics articles published in journals with the highest impact factor; and (c) the regional distribution of institutions.METHODS: PubMed search limited to ages 0 to 18 years, English language, MEDLINE and humans subsets, Brazilian affiliation. For each year, we compared the articles retrieved to the whole of MEDLINE citations with the same search limits, except for affiliation, as well as to the total Brazilian scientific production cited in MEDLINE, without age limits. We made a descriptive analysis, and used the chi-square test for trend. Data concerning publication in journals with the highest impact factor were aggregated into three-year periods.RESULTS: A total of 7,222 Brazilian pediatrics articles were listed in MEDLINE from 1990 through 2004, corresponding to 0.95% of all articles concerning the age group from 0 to 18 years. There was a fivefold increase in the absolute number of Brazilian articles along the study period. The ratio of Brazilian to total articles increased from 0.51 to 1.60% (p < 0.01). Scientific knowledge production remains strongly concentrated in the Southeast of Brazil.CONCLUSION: Brazilian research activities in pediatrics have had a steady upward trend, which relates to the proportional growth of the Brazilian scientific production as a whole.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Bibliometrics , Publishing/statistics & numerical data , Information Dissemination , Pediatrics/statistics & numerical data , Periodical/statistics & numerical data , Abstracting and Indexing , Brazil , Child Welfare , Databases, Bibliographic , Publishing/standards , MEDLINE , Periodical/standards , Reference Values , Adolescent Health Services
11.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 30(1): 27-31, jan.-abr. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-439261

ABSTRACT

O médico moderno precisa aguçar seus atributos humanos, adaptar-se a contextos variados e manter a educação permanente. A formação médica não costuma ocorrer no contexto da prática clínica real, mas no hospital, com ênfase na doença. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Graduação em Medicina preconizam a articulação entre a universidade e o sistema de saúde e a habilitação à educação permanente. Logo, os cenários da prática devem ser os ambulatórios próprios dos serviços de saúde, com um aprendizado voltado para as necessidades de saúde da comunidade. Existe hoje um fortalecimento da Medicina Clínica Acadêmica, que combina cuidados de saúde com pesquisa, ensino e administração. O aluno deve assimilar a visão moderna da relação médico-paciente, respeitando as decisões compartilhadas, tarefa que exige trabalhar habilidades em comunicação. As instituições de ensino e de assistência à saúde são coadjuvantes neste processo, bem como os meios de comunicação. A inserção no cenário da prática médica tem que ser integrada a todas as disciplinas do curso, permeando o currículo e permitindo que o estudante volte sua atenção para as necessidades de saúde da comunidade. Estabelecer um currículo inovador exige que os educadores compreendam o esgotamento do modelo tradicional de ensino, fundamentado na doença e na transmissão de conhecimentos, que afasta o aluno da visão prática da Medicina. O enfoque pedagógico moderno enfatiza aspectos formativos. Seus principais domínios são: comportamento do paciente, atitude e papel do médico, interações médico-paciente e fatores socioculturais relativos aos cuidados com a saúde


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Continuing , Education, Medical , Professional Practice
13.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 81(5 Suppl): S123-36, 2005 Nov.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16355256

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between injury control and contextual pediatrics. SOURCES OF DATA: Quasi-systematic review of MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS databases, using combinations of the words contextual, community, injury, accident and violence; and non-systematic review of book chapters and classic articles. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Safety depends on the interaction of family habits, cultural patterns and surroundings. Contextual pediatrics sees the child, the family, and the community as a continuum; health diagnosis (sequential observation of problems and assets) is one of its cornerstones. Changing intrapersonal factors for injuries requires the use of both passive and active strategies. Family and cultural risk factors for injury: home overcrowding, moving, poverty, and young, illiterate and unemployed parents. The main neighborhood factors: material deprivation and traffic. Cultural factors: illiteracy, unsafe products, lack of mass transportation, handguns, workplaces without safety rules, faulty community organization, lack of communication between social sectors, inadequate legislation, low priority for safety among government actions, lack of economic resources, and low academic commitment with the field of safety. CONCLUSIONS: The pediatrician's roles include strengthening of the longitudinal relationship with families, integrated interdisciplinary work, constructive intervention, partnership with community, counseling on injury risks pertaining to each developmental stage, by using lists with explicit processes and contents, and by handing out written materials. Active advocacy for safety promotion in different environments, besides the clinical setting.


Subject(s)
Accident Prevention/methods , Accidents, Home/prevention & control , Health Education/methods , Pediatrics , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Child , Child Welfare , Counseling , Cultural Characteristics , Family , Humans , Risk Factors , Social Environment
14.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 81(6): 431-4, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16385358

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of SciELO and MEDLINE indexing on the number of articles submitted to Jornal de Pediatria. METHODS: Analysis of total article submission, submission of articles from foreign countries and acceptance figures in the following periods: stage I - pre-website (Jan 2000-Mar 2001); stage II - website (Apr 2001-Jul 2002); stage III - SciELO (Aug 2002-Aug 2003); stage IV - MEDLINE (Sep 2003-Dec 2004). RESULTS: There was a significant trend toward linear increase in the number of submissions along the study period (p = 0.009). The number of manuscripts submitted in stages I through IV was 184, 240, 297, and 482, respectively. The number of submissions was similar in stages I and II (p = 0.148), but statistically higher in Stage III (p < 0.001 vs. Stage I and p = 0.006 vs. Stage II) and Stage IV (p < 0.001 vs. stages I and II, and p < 0.05 vs. stage III). The rate of article acceptance decreased during the study period. The number of original articles published has been stable since the 2001 March/April issue (n = 10), when the journal reached a printed page limit, leading to stricter judgment criteria and a relative decrease in acceptance rate. The number of foreign submissions in stages I through IV was 1, 2, zero and 17, respectively, with p < 0.001 for the comparison of stage IV with previous stages. CONCLUSIONS: SciELO indexing was associated with an increase in Brazilian manuscript submissions to Jornal de Pediatria, whereas MEDLINE indexing led to an increase in both Brazilian and foreign submissions.


Subject(s)
Abstracting and Indexing , Bibliometrics , Online Systems , Pediatrics , Periodicals as Topic , Brazil , MEDLINE , Publishing/statistics & numerical data
15.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(6): 431-434, nov.-dez. 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-424429

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da indexação no SciELO e MEDLINE sobre o número de artigos submetidos ao Jornal de Pediatria. MÉTODOS: Análise do total de artigos submetidos, artigos estrangeiros submetidos e índices de aceitação, nos seguintes períodos: estágio I - pré-site (janeiro/2000-março/2001); estágio II - site (abril/2001-julho/2002); estágio III - SciELO (agosto/2002-agosto/2003); estágio IV - MEDLINE (setembro/2003-dezembro/2004). RESULTADOS: Houve uma tendência significativa de aumento linear no número de submissões, durante o período do estudo (p = 0,009). O número de originais submetidos nos estágios I a IV foi, respectivamente: 184, 240, 297 e 482. O número de submissões foi similar nos estágios I e II (p = 0,148), mas foi significativamente maior no estágio III (p < 0,001 vs. estágio I; p = 0,006 vs. estágio II) e no estágio IV (p < 0,001 vs. estágios I e II; p < 0,05 vs. estágio III). A taxa de aceitação diminuiu durante o período do estudo. O número de 10 artigos originais publicados é estável desde o número de março/abril de 2001, quando a revista atingiu um limite de páginas impressas que motivou a adoção de critérios de julgamento mais rígidos e uma diminuição relativa dos índices de aceitação. O número de submissões estrangeiras nos estágios I a IV foi, respectivamente, 1, 2, zero e 17, sendo p < 0,001 para a comparação do estágio IV com os anteriores. CONCLUSÕES: A indexação no SciELO se associou a um aumento das submissões de artigos brasileiros ao Jornal de Pediatria, enquanto a indexação no MEDLINE levou a um aumento de submissões brasileiras e estrangeiras.


Subject(s)
Abstracting and Indexing , Bibliometrics , Online Systems , Pediatrics , Periodicals as Topic , Brazil , MEDLINE , Publishing/statistics & numerical data
17.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(5,supl): s123-s136, nov. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-421506

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever relações entre controle de injúrias e pediatria contextual. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão quase-sistemática dos bancos MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, usando combinações das seguintes palavras: contextual, comunidade, injúria, acidente e violência; revisão não-sistemática de capítulos de livros e artigos clássicos. SíNTESE DOS DADOS: A segurança depende de uma interação entre hábitos familiares, normas culturais e entorno. A pediatria contextual vê a criança, a família e a comunidade como um conjunto contínuo. Um de seus pontos-chave é o diagnóstico de saúde (observação seqüencial dos problemas e trunfos). Alterar fatores intrapessoais de injúrias requer a aplicação de estratégias passivas e ativas. Fatores familiares e culturais de risco de injúria: superpopulação do domicílio, mudanças de endereço, pobreza, pais jovens, analfabetos e desempregados. Principais fatores da vizinhança: privação material e trânsito. Fatores culturais: analfabetismo, produtos inseguros, transporte de massa insuficiente, armas de mão, ambientes de trabalho sem normas de segurança, organização comunitária precária, falta de comunicação entre setores sociais, legislação inadequada, baixa prioridade da segurança entre as ações do governo, escassez de recursos econômicos e baixo comprometimento acadêmico com o campo da segurança. CONCLUSÕES: Os papéis do pediatra são reforçar o relacionamento longitudinal com as famílias, trabalho interdisciplinar integrado, intervenção construtiva, parceria com a comunidade, orientação sobre os riscos de injúria inerentes a cada etapa do desenvolvimento, por meio de listas com processo e conteúdo explícitos e entrega de material escrito. Advogar ativamente pela promoção da segurança, em instâncias variadas, além do âmbito clínico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Accidents, Home/prevention & control , Health Education/methods , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Pediatrics , Accident Prevention/methods , Child Welfare , Counseling , Cultural Characteristics , Family , Risk Factors , Social Environment
19.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 79 Suppl 1: S13-22, 2003 May.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14506514

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Health promotion is one of the chief activities of pediatricians, although still lacking enough scientific bases. This article reviews the scientific support for the main preventive interventions, as well as who should make them, when and how they should be made. SOURCES: Systematic review of recent literature, through the search of Medline and Lilacs databases, using the terms well-child care, health supervision and health promotion (both in English and Portuguese); non-systematic review of reference lists of book chapters; non-systematic Internet search of organizations that make recommendations on health supervision; selection of classic articles within this field. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Pediatricians must seek integration with other professionals in providing preventive services, as well as in establishing effective partnerships with all community sectors. It is essential to improve communication skills. The ideal number of health supervision visits has never been established; interventions must be individually adapted according to family and community contextual risk factors. There is scientific evidence of the effectiveness of prenatal visits, preventive guidance, metabolic screening, immunization, and vision and hearing screening. Growth monitoring and development screening must be rationalized. The systematic repetition of complete physical examinations and laboratory tests is not warranted. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians play a fundamental role in child and adolescent health promotion, but their actions regarding well-child care must no longer be totally empirical. There are innumerous evidence-based resources to guide pediatricians as to the most effective interventions.


Subject(s)
Health Promotion , Pediatrics/trends , Child , Child Development , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , Physical Examination , Prenatal Care
20.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 79(supl.1): S13-S22, maio 2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-344835

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: a promoção da saúde é atividade essencial do pediatra, mas ainda pouco fundamentada em evidências científicas. Este artigo estuda o apoio científico para as principais intervenções preventivas, quando, como e quem deve realizá-las. Fontes dos dados: revisão sistemática da literatura recente, por meio de busca nos bancos de dados Medline e Lilacs, usando as palavras puericultura, supervisão de saúde e promoção de saúde (em inglês e português); revisão não sistemática das referências bibliográficas de capítulos de livros; busca não sistemática na Internet de organizações que emitem recomendações sobre supervisão de saúde; e seleção de artigos clássicos na área. Síntese dos dados: o pediatra deve integrar-se com outros profissionais na prestação de s rviços preventivos, bem como estabelecer parcerias efetivas com todos os setores da comunidade. É essencial aprimorar as habilidades em comunicação. O número idealde consultas de supervisão de saúde nunca foi estabelecido; os procedimentos devem ser adaptados individualmente, segundo fatores de risco contextuais familiares e comunitários. Há documentação científica da efetividade de consulta pré-natal, orientação preventiva, triagem metabólica, imunização, triagem de visão e audição. A monitorização do crescimento e a triagem do desenvolvimento têm que ser racionalizadas. A repetição sistem tica do exame físico completo e de exames de laboratório não está justificada. Conclusões: o pediatra tem um papel fundamental na promoção de saúde da criança e do adolescente, mas suas ações na área da puericultura pão devem mais s r totalmente emp{ricas. Há inúmeros recursos, apoiados em evidências científicas, para guiá-Io quantoaos procedimentos mais efetivos


Subject(s)
Child Care , Health Promotion
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