Delayed haemorrhage in the splenium of the corpus callosum after aneurysm rupture.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECT: Delayed haemorrhage in the splenium of the corpus callosum after aneurysm rupture is a rare finding. It can be defined as a haemorrhage not present at the initial diagnosis of subarachnoid bleeding, in the context of an aneurysm not located in the corpus callosum vascularization. Only three such cases have been reported, all with focal and circumscribed haematomas. We describe a case of diffuse haemorrhage along the splenium fibres. PATIENT: A 75-year-old woman was attended for an acute cognitive deterioration. Imaging studies revealed an aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery, and subacute haematomas in both frontal lobes. An uneventful surgical clipping of the aneurysm was performed. Postoperative CT-scans showed a haemorrhage along the splenium fibres, and hydrocephalus. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed, and subsequent CT scans demonstrated progressive, spontaneous improvement of the splenium haemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed haemorrhage in the splenium of the corpus callosum has a sporadic incidence. Physiopathology is unknown, and proposed explanations include compression of the splenium against the falx due to hydrocephalus, and haemorrhagic transformation of an ischaemic infarct due to vasospasm. Treatment is therefore based on adequate treatment of hydrocephalus and discontinuation of vasodilator drugs. The three previous cases of focal haematomas are discussed, and the first case of diffuse haemorrhage is described.

Effects of Agave tequilana fructans with different degree of polymerization profiles on the body weight, blood lipids and count of fecal Lactobacilli/Bifidobacteria in obese mice.

Fructans are dietary fibers with beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal physiology and offer a promising approach for the treatment of some metabolic disorders associated with obesity. In vitro and in vivo studies were developed to test the safety of fructans obtained from Agave tequilana Weber var. azul. Additionally, an in vivo experiment using a diet-induced obesity model was performed to compare the effect of agave fructans with different degree of polymerization (DP) profiles: agave fructans with DP > 10 (LcF), agave FOS with DP < 10 (ScF), and agave fructans with and without demineralization (dTF, TF) versus commercial chicory fructans (OraftiSynergy1™) on the body weight change, fat, total cholesterol, triglycerides and count of fecal Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. Results showed that A. tequilana fructans were not mutagenic and were safe even at a dose of 5 g per kg b.w. Obese mice that received ScF showed a significant decrease in body weight gain, fat tissue and total cholesterol without increasing the count of fecal Bifidobacteria. Whereas, obese mice that received LcF and TF showed decreased triglycerides and an increased count of fecal Bifidobacteria. Interestingly, although obese mice that received dTF did not show changes in body weight gain, fat tissue, total cholesterol or triglycerides, they showed an increase in the count of Bifidobacteria. These results demonstrate that both the degree of polymerization and the demineralization process can influence the biological activity of agave fructans.

Antimutagenic evaluation of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in vitro and in vivo, with the Ames test.

The aim of this work is to evaluate vitamins B antimutagenic effect against alkylatings methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), ethyl-N-nitro-N'- nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), frameshift mutagens 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) and 2-acetyl-amino-fluorene (2AF) and ROS-generating antibiotics norfloxacin (NOR) and nalidixic acid (NLX), using the in vitro Ames test. In vivo antimutagenesis studies were performed against urinary mutagens induced by NOR (70 mg/kg) or NLX (100 mg/kg) in CD1 mice. Vitamin B1 was antimutagenic against alkylatings MNNG (P<0.05) or ENNG (P<0.001). In fact as per the results observed during the current study, none of the vitamins reduced mutagenesis caused by frameshift mutagens. All of them reduced mutagenesis of NOR or NLX (P<0.001). In vivo studies showed that vitamins B1 and B6 (10 or 100 mg/kg) reduced urinary mutagens from NOR (P<0.001) or NLX (P<0.02) either free or ß-glucoronidase-conjugates. None of the studied samples were toxic for the employed antimutagenic system. Vitamin B12 (4 mg/kg) reduced urinary mutagens of NOR or NLX (P<0.02). Vitamins B inhibited DNA mutations induced by ROS generated by NLX or NOR, both in vitro and in vivo. Vitamin B1is antimutagenic against mutations induced by the alkylating MNNG or ENNG. Based on the observations, employment of vitamins B in vivo can be a promising alternative to reduce genotoxic risk exposure to ROS.

Cervical cord compression due to intradiscal gouty tophus: brief report.

STUDY DESIGN: We describe an unusual cause of myelopathy with a discussion of similar cases previously reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of myelopathy due to intradiscal gouty tophus. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal involvement in gout is uncommon. Cervical spinal cord compression caused by gout is particularly rare. METHODS: We report the case of a 71-year-old man with a history of hyperuricemia gout. Spastic quadriparesis developed for more than 4 months. Magnetic resonance image of the cervical spine revealed a herniated cervical disc at the C3-C4 level. Anterior discectomy was performed. Intradiscal chalky white granular material was found during surgery. RESULTS: Histological examination of the surgical specimen demonstrated a gouty tophus. The patient regained strength in all extremities in the postoperative period and required rehabilitation treatment. CONCLUSION: Spinal gout should be considered in all patients presenting myelopathy and history of gout. When progressive neurological symptoms develop, surgical decompression can provide a satisfactory outcome.

Uncommon fungi isolated from diabetic patients toenails with or without visible onychomycoses.

Kodamaea ohmeri and Prototheca wickerhamii are rare pathogens for humans, and even more rare as cause of onychomycosis. This work reports the second case of onychomycosis by K. ohmeri and the fourth of onycoprotothecosis; it was made in public health institutions in the Hidalgo State, Mexico, studying 261 diabetic patients during 2005 and 2006. Kodamaea ohmeri was isolated from toenails of a 51-year-old female patient, and P. wickerhamii from three female patients of 48, 49, and 61 years old, respectively, all of them with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). Identifications were done by standard microbiological methods and a commercial system. Only one patient infected with P. wickerhamii showed mixed infection with dermatophytes. Out of the total studied DM 2 patients, 1.15% presented onycoprotothecosis and 0.38% onychomycosis by K. ohmeri, high percentages if it is considered that few cases have been reported of K. ohmeri and P. wickerhamii as onychomycosis causal agents.

Antimutagenicity mechanisms of the Rhoeo discolor ethanolic extract.

INTRODUCTION: Rhoeo discolor, a medical plant from Mexico, is known to be an antioxidant and chemoprotective antimutagen. Rhoeo discolor ethanolic extract (EERD) is a complex mixture, so in this study its antimutagenic mechanisms were further evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Employing Ames test, with uvrB- and uvrB+ strains, its antimutagenic activity against frameshift mutagens 2-amino-anthracene (AA), and 2 amino-fluorene (AF), alkylating: methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) and mitomycin C were evaluated. Induction of ogt, alkyl-DNA-glycosylases were studied with Salmonella typhimurium strains deficient in ada and ogt genes (YG7100 ada-/ogt+ YG7104 ada+/ogt-, G7108 ada-/ogt-). RESULTS: EERD, was not antimutagenic against AA or AF on S. typhimurium TA98 neither in UTH8413 uvrB+ strains. It significantly reduced mutations induced by Mitomycin C on strain TA102. EERD was antimutagenic to mutations induced by alkylating compounds on S. typhimurium TA100 or UTH8414 uvrB+. This antimutagenic effect was not observed on strains lacking ogt gene. CONCLUSIONS: EERD, did not affect CYP450 in vitro microsomal activation of AF or AA, on the Ames test, neither improved DNA uvrB excision repair system. EERD reduced oxidative damages on strain TA102, caused by Mitomycin C. This plant extract might be used to avoid DNA damage by alkylation, corrected mainly alkylguanine transferase protein encoded by ogt gene.

A method for measuring the anoxic biodegradability under denitrifying conditions.

A test for assessing the anoxic biodegradability of organic compounds under denitrifying conditions is proposed. The method is based on the recovery and quantification of the CO2 produced, which is evidence of complete biodegradation of the test compound (added as the sole carbon source). The tests were carried out in a mineral medium, with nitrate as electron acceptor. Whole lake sediments, sediment extracts and a commercial inoculum were assayed as a possible inoculum source by means of glucose biodegradability tests. It was found that the sediment extracts constitute a suitable and environmentally-relevant inoculum source, since they add non-significant amounts of carbon to the tests. Two xenobiotic compounds, namely, aniline and phenol, were tested in the aforementioned conditions as well as in a standard aerobic biodegradability test. Both aniline and phenol attained a biodegradation level higher than 60% in a short time period (<28 days) and thus can be considered as readily biodegradable in denitrifying environments. Nevertheless, the kinetics obtained in the anoxic test were slower than in aerobic conditions, and even suggested the accumulation of intermediate metabolites in the case of phenol. The results of this study indicate that the fate of xenobiotic compounds under anoxic conditions differs from that observed in an oxic environment, and therefore it should be considered by standard biodegradability testing procedures.

Fisiología del envejecimiento y del estrés oxidativo (B40) / No disponible

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