ABSTRACT
Wound healing is an important function of skin; however, after significant skin injury (burns) or in certain dermatological pathologies (chronic wounds), this important process can be deregulated or lost, resulting in severe complications. To avoid these, studies have focused on developing tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESSs), which attempt to replace and regenerate the damaged skin. Autologous cultured epithelial substitutes (CESs) constituted of keratinocytes, allogeneic cultured dermal substitutes (CDSs) composed of biomaterials and fibroblasts and autologous composite skin substitutes (CSSs) comprised of biomaterials, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, have been the most studied clinical TESSs, reporting positive results for different pathological conditions. However, researchers' purpose is to develop TESSs that resemble in a better way the human skin and its wound healing process. For this reason, they have also evaluated at preclinical level the incorporation of other human cell types such as melanocytes, Merkel and Langerhans cells, skin stem cells (SSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Among these, MSCs have been also reported in clinical studies with hopeful results. Future perspectives in the field of human-TESSs are focused on improving in vivo animal models, incorporating immune cells, designing specific niches inside the biomaterials to increase stem cell potential and developing three-dimensional bioprinting strategies, with the final purpose of increasing patient's health care. In this review we summarize the use of different human cell populations for preclinical and clinical TESSs under research, remarking their strengths and limitations and discuss the future perspectives, which could be useful for wound healing purposes.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Psoriasis is a multisystem disease which has been related to vitamin-D deficiency through chronic inflammation. This psoriasis-related inflammatory state and vitamin-D deficiency may induce bone mineral density loss. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship of psoriasis with bone mineral density, by comparing psoriatic patients with healthy controls and patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis. METHODS: A total of 185 subjects were studied; 58 psoriatic patients who had not been under systemic or biological treatment were included. Age, gender, body mass index, phosphocalcic metabolic parameters and hip and lumbar (L4) bone mineral density data were collected. These variables were compared with those collected in 61 healthy controls and 67 patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis. RESULTS: Psoriatic patients showed worse hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density levels than healthy controls (P = 0.001) and better levels than osteoporotic patients (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a negative association of age and a positive association of body mass index in hip bone mineral density in psoriatic patients. LIMITATIONS: The main limitations are those of cross-sectional studies, such as a lack of follow up period, and a male predominance in the psoriatic group, which is corrected employing a multivariate analysis with an adjusted model for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Bone mineral density levels in psoriatic patients are situated halfway between healthy controls and patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis. In addition, the higher body mass index in patients with psoriasis appears to confer a protective effect against further development of lower bone mineral density.
Subject(s)
Bone Density , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/epidemiology , Osteoporosis/epidemiology , Psoriasis/epidemiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Linear Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Prevalence , Prognosis , Psoriasis/diagnosis , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The shrinkage of surgical specimens (SS) is known in human skin (HS) but has not been studied in an artificial skin (AS) or mouse skin (MS). OBJECTIVES: To quantify the degree of shrinkage of SS and establish its timing in HS and an in vitro and animal model to explore the possible causes of this phenomenon. METHODOLOGY: We collected 100 SS of HS, 50 SS of AS synthesized with fibrin-agarose biomaterials and 21 SS of MS. The width and length of specimens were measured before the surgical excision (pre-SE), at 5 minutes postsurgery (ex vivo), and after 24 hours of fixation in formalin (postfixation). Histological staining was performed to analyze the differences between HS, AS, and MS that may explain the differences in shrinkage. RESULTS: Between pre-SE and postfixation, the width and length shrank by 16.1% and 17.1% in HS, 14.5% and 8.5% in AS, and 26.5% and 23.1% in MS (P < 0.01), respectively. Shrinkage largely occurred between pre-SE and ex vivo. Cells and interstitial fibers were scant in AS and abundant in MS. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all of the shrinkage occurred during the first 5 minutes postsurgery. According to the AS model findings, 53.6% of SS shrinkage would be explained by the action of dermal fibers and other cellular components of the dermis.
Subject(s)
Artifacts , Dermatologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Skin, Artificial , Skin , Animals , Humans , MiceABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Necrobiosis Lipoidica/diagnosis , Leg Dermatoses/etiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Striae Distensae/chemically induced , Striae Distensae/complications , Striae Distensae/diagnosis , Psoriasis/complications , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/complications , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis , Weight Loss/physiology , Fever/complications , Gynecomastia/complications , Gynecomastia/physiopathology , Aldosterone/analysis , Clobetasol/adverse effects , Minoxidil/adverse effects , Algestone/adverse effectsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Tattooing/adverse effects , Foreign-Body Reaction/diagnosis , Granuloma/etiology , Clobetasol/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use , Leukoplakia, Oral/drug therapy , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Administration, Topical , Aged , Aminoquinolines/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Verrucous/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Verrucous/pathology , Female , Humans , Imiquimod , Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Clobetasol/adverse effects , Dermatologic Agents/adverse effects , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Minoxidil/adverse effects , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Striae Distensae/chemically induced , Administration, Cutaneous , Clobetasol/therapeutic use , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Minoxidil/therapeutic use , Striae Distensae/diagnosis , Young AdultSubject(s)
Necrobiosis Lipoidica/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Necrobiosis Lipoidica/pathologyABSTRACT
Postradiation sarcomas are rare and highly malignant tumors which may appear as a consequence of radiotherapy. They may originate on bone or soft tissues.We report the case of a patient who developed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma 35 years after radiotherapy for a melanoma on her right leg.
Subject(s)
Neuroma/diagnosis , Neuroma/pathology , Pacinian Corpuscles/pathology , Pain/etiology , Aged , Fingers , Humans , Male , Neuroma/complicationsSubject(s)
Giant Cell Tumors/diagnosis , Keratosis/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biopsy , Giant Cell Tumors/chemistry , Giant Cell Tumors/pathology , Heel , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Keratosis/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Skin/chemistry , Skin Neoplasms/chemistry , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Granuloma/complications , Granuloma/diagnosis , Granuloma/therapy , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/complications , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/etiology , Granuloma/etiology , Granuloma/prevention & control , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/growth & development , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/pathogenicity , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/therapyABSTRACT
No disponible
