ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study color vision in patients with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) METHODS: We evaluated color vision in 42 patients with OCA using the HRR color plates. Sixty seven percent of the patients had the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), diagnosed genetically or clinically. The remaining patients had unknown mutations leading to OCA. RESULTS: 47.6 of patients of OCA of all types included had a color vision defect. Of these, 55 were female and 45 were male patients. 50 of patients with the HPS (all types) had a color vision deficit. 42.9 of patients with OCA of unknown type had color weakness. 57.1 had normal color vision. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that many patients with OCA and the HPS have a mild red-green color perception deficiency that is not a sex linked trait. The prevalence of color vision deficits in our study population increased with decreasing visual acuity
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Color Perception , Color Vision Defects/etiology , Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome/complications , Albinism, Oculocutaneous/classification , Albinism, Oculocutaneous/complications , Albinism, Oculocutaneous/physiopathology , Color Vision Defects/epidemiology , Color Vision Defects/genetics , Genetic Heterogeneity , Genotype , Incidence , Phenotype , Prospective Studies , Color Perception/genetics , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome/classification , Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome/genetics , Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome/physiopathology , Visual AcuitySubject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Heparin/adverse effects , Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/therapeutic use , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/antagonists & inhibitors , Abciximab , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Coronary Circulation/drug effects , Heparin/administration & dosage , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Stents , Ventricular Function, Left/drug effectsABSTRACT
We undertook a non-concurrent prospective study of 191 Puerto Rican patients from August 1993 to April 1994. All patients had open angle glaucoma (OAG) (age ranged from 50 to 80 yrs; mean = 65 yrs). Patient's symptomatology associated to side effects of their glaucoma medicadons was reviewed. Incidence percent of ocular and/or systemic side effects per medication were: levobunolol 45.0; betaxolol 42.0; timolol 27.3; pilocarpine 100; dipivefrin 14.0; and acetazolamide 250 mg 64.1. Incidence percent of ocular and/or systemic side effects of topical beta-blockers used with concomittant medications were determined. Ocular side effects were more frequent in patients using levobunolol 44.2 than in those patients using betaxolol 42.0, 8.5 of patients using levobunolol did report systemic side effects. No systemic side effects were reported by patients using betaxolol. Ocular side effects in patients using pilocarpine were frequent (100); whereas the frequency of systemic side effects was low (6.1). Systemic side effects were common in patients using carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. These results suggest that non-selective and cardio-selective topical Beta-blockers, differ in their ocular or systemic side effects
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Acetazolamide/adverse effects , Betaxolol/adverse effects , Epinephrine/analogs & derivatives , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Levobunolol/adverse effects , Epinephrine/adverse effects , Incidence , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
We undertook a non-concurrent prospective study of 191 Puerto Rican patients from August 1993 to April 1994. All patients had open angle glaucoma (OAG) (age ranged from 50 to 80 yrs; mean = 65 yrs). Patient's symptomatology associated to side effects of their glaucoma medicadons was reviewed. Incidence percent of ocular and/or systemic side effects per medication were: levobunolol 45.0%; betaxolol 42.0%; timolol 27.3%; pilocarpine 100%; dipivefrin 14.0%; and acetazolamide 250 mg 64.1%. Incidence percent of ocular and/or systemic side effects of topical beta-blockers used with concomittant medications were determined. Ocular side effects were more frequent in patients using levobunolol 44.2% than in those patients using betaxolol 42.0%, 8.5% of patients using levobunolol did report systemic side effects. No systemic side effects were reported by patients using betaxolol. Ocular side effects in patients using pilocarpine were frequent (100%); whereas the frequency of systemic side effects was low (6.1%). Systemic side effects were common in patients using carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. These results suggest that non-selective and cardio-selective topical Beta-blockers, differ in their ocular or systemic side effects.
Subject(s)
Acetazolamide/adverse effects , Betaxolol/adverse effects , Epinephrine/analogs & derivatives , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Levobunolol/adverse effects , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Epinephrine/adverse effects , Humans , Incidence , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Transscleral Nd:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation was performed on 100 consecutive patients. A contact lens designed specifically for this operation was used, and the results were compared to those of a previously reported series of 100 patients in which the same procedure was performed without the lens. The lens provided intraoperative advantages of eyelid separation, compression and blanching of the conjunctiva at the treatment site, and precise measurements for placement of the laser applications. Early postoperative advantages were reduced conjunctival burns and less hyperemia. However, the long-term results were comparable between the two series, with the exception of a higher incidence of phthisis when the lens was used. The thinning and blanching of the conjunctiva may increase the percentage of laser energy reaching the ciliary processes, which suggests a need for reduced energy levels when using the lens.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Contact Lenses , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Intraocular Pressure , Laser Therapy , Light Coagulation , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prospective Studies , SclerostomyABSTRACT
We compared the results of two methods of tenonectomy at the time of trabeculectomy. Of 49 eyes, 23 were randomly assigned to a partial tenonectomy and 26 to a total tenonectomy. There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate between the two surgical groups using an upper limit of intraocular pressure of either 18 or 21 mm Hg as the criterion for success. There was no difference in the need for postoperative medications or further surgical intervention between the two groups. Although certain advantages exist with each technique, these findings suggest that equivalent results can be anticipated with either a total or partial tenonectomy.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma/surgery , Tendons/surgery , Trabeculectomy , Female , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Random Allocation , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methodsABSTRACT
We compared prognostic indicators manifesting within the first 2 postoperative days, with filtration status 3 months following trabeculectomy in 51 primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Patients with an avascular area in the filtering bleb 2 days after surgery had a significantly lower (P less than .05) intraocular pressure (IOP) (12.6 mm Hg) 3 months postoperatively than patients with vascular blebs (16.3 mm Hg). However, neither the height, breadth, or transparency of the filtering bleb, presence of microcysts, anterior chamber depth, nor IOP during the first 2 postoperative days were related significantly to the filtration status at 3 months.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Trabeculectomy/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Postoperative Care , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , ReoperationABSTRACT
One hundred consecutive patients with intractable glaucoma underwent transscleral neodymium: YAG (Nd:YAG) cyclophotocoagulation using a standard protocol derived from a study of human autopsy eyes, and were followed prospectively for a minimum of 6 months. After the first treatment, 51 patients had a final intraocular pressure (IOP) between 7 and 20 mmHg (classified as "IOP success") and 17 more had an IOP less than 7 mmHg or more than 20 mmHg, but required no additional surgery ("qualified IOP success"). With one or more additional treatments, the totals rose to 65 IOP successes and 30 qualified IOP successes. Parameters associated with qualified success and failure were younger age and higher preoperative IOP. Forty-five patients in the cumulative IOP success and qualified IOP success groups had reduced visual acuity, although this could be attributed to other ocular problems in at least one half of the cases. Other postoperative complications included transient IOP rise in 23 patients, severe pain in 12 patients, and severe inflammation in 29 patients.
Subject(s)
Clinical Protocols , Glaucoma/surgery , Light Coagulation , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Light Coagulation/adverse effects , Light Coagulation/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Reoperation , Sclera/surgery , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation was performed with a neodymium: YAG laser on five patients 24-72 hr before enucleation for a blind, painful eye. The thermal mode at 20 ms and a maximum offset between aiming and therapeutic beams were kept constant. Variable parameters evaluated were energy levels between 2 and 8 J and distance from the limbus of 0.5-3.0 mm. Because of the underlying distortion in three of the eyes, meaningful interpretation by light microscopic evaluation was possible only in the other two. This suggested that the early histologic hallmark of the procedure is similar to that previously observed in human autopsy eyes with ciliary epithelial damage and elevation from underlying tissue. In addition, fibrin and scant inflammatory cells were seen in the space between ciliary epithelium and stroma. Minimal damage was observed in the ciliary muscle. These findings suggest that direct damage to the ciliary epithelium is the most likely mechanism of reduced aqueous production by this cyclodestructive procedure. The findings also support the concept that an anterior placement of approximately 1.0-1.5 mm posterior to the limbus is most likely to damage the ciliary epithelium of the pars plicata.
Subject(s)
Ciliary Body/pathology , Light Coagulation/adverse effects , Sclera/surgery , Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery , Epithelium , Eye Enucleation , Fibrin/metabolism , Glaucoma, Neovascular/surgery , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Humans , Inflammation/pathology , LeukocytesABSTRACT
A contact lens designed to facilitate neodymium:YAG transscleral cyclophotocoagulation was evaluated on human autopsy eyes, and the lesions produced were compared to the lesions produced by similar laser treatments without a lens. Using the thermal mode at 20-msec duration, the variables studied were distance from the corneoscleral limbus (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 mm); energy (2, 4, 6, 8 J); and offset (distance between the focal points of the aiming and therapeutic beams; settings of 5, 7, 8, 9). By gross and light microscopic inspection, the ciliary body lesions produced were similar with or without the lens. A distance between 0.5 and 1.5 mm appears optimal for damaging the pars plicata. Energies of 4 to 8 J produced ciliary epithelial destruction.
Subject(s)
Ciliary Body/surgery , Contact Lenses , Light Coagulation , Ciliary Body/pathology , Equipment Design , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Iris/pathology , Laser TherapyABSTRACT
The following presentation deals with a case report of a large true splenic cyst. After a thorough research of the available medical literature this appears to be the largest reported specimen of this entity.
