ABSTRACT
The mandibular condyle is a commonly involved site of maxillofacial trauma in children. However, this injury is often overlooked on initial physical examination in the emergency department. In cases involving blunt trauma to the chin it is important to suspect possible injury to the condyle of the mandible, as this type of facial injury can result in a spectrum of facial growth disturbances during the patient's later years. General practitioners and pediatric dentists are often the first clinicians to recognize the late complications of condylar trauma years after the injury. With a good clinical examination and past medical history, the diagnosis and etiology can be accurately determined. Once the diagnosis is made, the patient can be referred to a specialist involved in managing this type of problem. Three case reports of patients with facial deformity are presented.
Subject(s)
Facial Asymmetry/etiology , Malocclusion/etiology , Mandibular Condyle/injuries , Mandibular Fractures/complications , Adolescent , Ankylosis/etiology , Child , Chin/injuries , Female , Humans , Male , Mandibular Fractures/diagnosis , Retrognathia/etiology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/etiology , Trismus/etiologyABSTRACT
Sialolithiasis rarely occurs in children; it is observed more commonly in adults. Various treatment modalities for sialolithiasis have been reported in the world dental and medical literature; most rely upon surgical intervention. This case report demonstrates that surgical intervention is not always indicated. We describe an 8-year-old child with a sialolith in the posterior third of Wharton's duct which spontaneously passed from the duct. Clinical findings, etiology and treatment of sialolithiasis are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Salivary Gland Calculi , Submandibular Gland Diseases , Child , Female , Humans , SialadenitisABSTRACT
The diagnosis of occult mandibular condylar fractures in children is often missed or delayed on initial examination when children present with a laceration to the chin. A clue to the diagnosis of this type of skeletal injury to the mandible is the knowledge of a commonly occurring pattern of injury associated with chin trauma. Chin laceration, fracture of the parasymphyseal region near the chin, and fracture of the condyles are often concomitant injuries of the mandible. This article reviews three case reports of children who sustained a chin laceration, fracture in the region near the chin, and fracture to the mandibular condyles secondary to chin trauma that were not initially diagnosed on clinical examination.
Subject(s)
Chin/injuries , Mandibular Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Wounds, Penetrating/complications , Child , Child, Preschool , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans , Male , Mandibular Fractures/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
In meniscus displacement pathosis, the anterior part of the posterior attachment is subjected to abnormal compressive loading. This study presents evidence that the loaded tissue is capable of producing glycosaminoglycans of the sort that are found in the disk and articular surfaces of the articular eminence and mandibular condyle.
Subject(s)
Cartilage, Articular/metabolism , Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/metabolism , Temporomandibular Joint/physiopathology , Humans , Stress, Mechanical , Temporomandibular Joint/pathology , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Postsurgical revascularization of the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after discoplasty was studied at the gross and microscopic levels. Surgical disruption of the lateral and medial articular blood vessels resulted in revascularization of the joint by the transverse facial artery. Deep branches of the transverse facial artery provided vascular supply to the anterior TMJ until the lateral and medial articular vessels could be re-established. The greatest change in vascularity was observed between the second and third postoperative weeks. It was concluded that discoplasty in the rabbit TMJ is a biologically sound surgical procedure, with the majority of vascularity re-established by three weeks and complete healing at six weeks.
Subject(s)
Temporomandibular Joint/blood supply , Angiography , Animals , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Capillaries/diagnostic imaging , Cartilage, Articular/blood supply , Cartilage, Articular/surgery , Dissection , Male , Mandibular Condyle/blood supply , Mandibular Condyle/surgery , Microradiography , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Rabbits , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging , Temporomandibular Joint/surgeryABSTRACT
DNA molecules sequestered within negatively charged liposomes became nuclei-associated following interaction between isolated mouse plasmacytoma nuclei and liposomes. Few if any liposomes appeared to adhere to washed nuclei following their interaction with liposomes, suggesting that DNA was internalized. Liposome-delivered, radioactive pBR322 DNA re-extracted from nuclei appeared intact, whereas DNA from nuclei incubated with naked DNA was degraded. Up to 2 X 10(10) D of DNA were inserted into each nucleus. DNA delivered into nuclei via liposome was transcribed as shown by the fact that about 1% of the RNA synthesized in nuclei injected with pBR322 or E. coli DNA hybridized with moderate excess of homologous DNA. pBR322-specific RNA synthesized in isolated nuclei consisted of large MW transcripts. Experiments in which SV40 DNA and pBR322 DNA were delivered simultaneously in equimolar amounts into nuclei indicated that SV40 DNA was transcribed as efficiently as pBR322 DNA.
Subject(s)
Cell Nucleus/metabolism , DNA/metabolism , Genetic Techniques , Liposomes , Transcription, Genetic , Animals , Cell Line , DNA/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/metabolism , DNA, Viral/metabolism , Escherichia coli , Mice , Plasmacytoma , Plasmids , RNA/biosynthesis , Simian virus 40ABSTRACT
The effects of prolonged immobilization on the primate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar cartilage are reported. After eight weeks of immobilization, changes were assayed histochemically using the specific glycosaminoglycan (GAG) stain safranin O. Following the immobilization period, the articulating cartilage showed marked thinning, disorganization, and loss of the superficial GAG stain. After two weeks of remobilization, further thinning had occurred and GAG staining was nearly absent. Sections from condyles of animals sacrificed serially from two weeks to eight months after immobilization showed a gradual return to the thickness and GAG content of the control animals' condyles. But even at this stage, GAG staining was less marked than in the controls, and zonal reorganization was incomplete. These results suggest that TMJ immobilization is not wholly benign procedure.
Subject(s)
Cartilage, Articular/pathology , Immobilization , Temporomandibular Joint/pathology , Animals , Histocytochemistry , Macaca fascicularis , Mandibular Condyle/pathology , Staining and Labeling , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Localization of rhodopsin and its position in the membrane has been the subject of numerous studies. Most recently, immunocytochemical techniques have been employed to localize the opsin component of the molecule in in situ rod outer segments. Due to the problems inherent in localization procedures (penetration and mechanical interference) we have utilized isolated, osmotically intact rod outer segment discs in this study. Specific antibodies to chromatographically pure rhodopsin were prepared and enzymatically digested to their Fab components. The univalent Fab antibodies were conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and used to label the isolated rod outer segment discs. Discs treated with anti-opsin conjugate stained uniformly and heavily on their interdisc surfaces. Reaction product was also present on the intradisc surface in a thinner but still uniformly distributed layer. Controls treated with preimmune Fab - horseradish peroxidase conjugate showed no deposition of reaction product.
