ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that aggregation of specific proteins in the brain may be a pathological element in schizophrenia and other chronic disorders. Multiple such aggregating proteins have now been implicated through post mortem investigation, including NPAS3 (Neuronal PAS domain protein 3), dysbindin-1 (encoded by the DTNBP1, Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1, gene) and TRIOBP (Trio-Binding Protein, multiple isoforms). While the presence of protein aggregates in the brain is interesting in terms of understanding pathology, it is impractical as a biomarker. These proteins were therefore investigated recently in blood serum of schizophrenia patients and controls, showing patients to have higher levels of NPAS3 in their serum generally. TRIOBP-1 and dysbindin-1 were also found in an insoluble state, implying aggregation, but did not clearly corresponding to disease state. SUBJECT AND METHODS: We revisit 47 of the originally recruited 50 patients with schizophrenia, all of whom are Croatian and aged between 18 and 72. We assessed their symptom specificity and severity using PANSS (the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale), comparing those with NPAS3, insoluble dysbindin-1 and/or insoluble TRIOBP-1 in their blood serum to those lacking any such protein dysregulation. RESULTS: The frequency of each individual potential protein pathology among these patients was too low for meaningful statistical analysis, however the 11 patients that displayed one or more of these pathologies (NPAS3, dysbindin-1, TRIOBP-1 and/or TRIOBP-5/6) showed a subtle but significant increase in total PANSS scores compared to the 36 patients displaying none of the pathologies (p = 0.031), seemingly driven principally by increased scores on the general psychopathology scale. CONCLUSION: While the numbers of patients involved do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn at this time, this provides the first indication that disturbed proteostasis in blood serum, of proteins that aggregate in the brains of schizophrenia patients, may correlate with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms.
Subject(s)
Schizophrenia , Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Follow-Up Studies , Dysbindin , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Serum , Psychopathology , Microfilament Proteins , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsABSTRACT
Akathisia is a syndrome characterized by the unpleasant sensation of "inner" restlessness that manifests itself in the inability of sitting still or not moving. Many types of medicaments can cause akathisia as an adverse event of their use and they include: antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiemetics, antihistamines, and psychoactive substances. We will present the case of a 50 year old patient, treated on two occasions for psychotic depression. During the second hospitalization it is possible that antipsychotic treatment combined with an antidepressant caused akathisia or there were symptoms of agitated depression and akathisia present at the same time, which is very difficult to determine in everyday clinical practice. We can conclude that in this case, as in many others, akathisia as a possible adverse effect of psychopharmacs was very hard to identify. Therefore, it is necessary to have akathisia in mind when using certain medicaments, especially when combining several that use the same enzymatic system and consequently raise levels of at least one of them.
Subject(s)
Affective Disorders, Psychotic/diagnosis , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/drug therapy , Akathisia, Drug-Induced/diagnosis , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse effects , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Benzodiazepines/adverse effects , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Fluvoxamine/adverse effects , Psychomotor Agitation/diagnosis , Psychomotor Agitation/drug therapy , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/psychology , Akathisia, Drug-Induced/drug therapy , Akathisia, Drug-Induced/psychology , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Errors , Dibenzothiazepines/therapeutic use , Drug Interactions , Drug Therapy, Combination , Fluvoxamine/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Olanzapine , Psychomotor Agitation/psychology , Quetiapine Fumarate , Valproic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Aim of this research was to establish effects and influence of personality traits on sexual functioning of schizophrenic and depressive patients, compared to healthy individuals. 300 participants were included in this research. For patients suffering from schizophrenia it was established that the more they are open to experience and the less they are neurotic their sexual drive is stronger. For patients suffering from depression it was established that the more they are open to experience and conscientious and the less they are agreeable their sexual drive is stronger. Furthermore, higher openness is a significant predictor for easier sexual arousal and the more those patients are conscientious and the less they are agreeable easier is for them to achieve orgasms. Personality traits proved to be significant predictors of sexual functioning in schizophrenic and depressive patients, but not in healthy individuals.
