Subject(s)
Animal Welfare , Animals, Laboratory , Legislation, Veterinary , Animals , United KingdomSubject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Education, Graduate , Education, Veterinary , Animals , United KingdomABSTRACT
The challenges of managing a facility serving a new and developing science are outlined. Basic to success are the appropriate handling of aspects such as staff selection, line management, financial support, changing demands, training and relations with staff unions, welfare organisations and at the international level.
Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Animals, Laboratory , Animals , United Kingdom , VivisectionABSTRACT
A survey was carried out to characterise the bacterial and mycoplasma flora of a closed colony of marmosets, Callithrix jacchus. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Staphylococcus aureus were the only potential bacterial pathogens isolated from the colony; Candida albicans was also identified. S aureus and C albicans were the only organisms which were associated with macroscopic lesions or overt disease. Post mortem examination of the animals proved only reliable method of establishing the presence of some bacterial species in the colony, eg, B bronchiseptica and of obtaining a reliable estimate of the incidence of the various organisms within the colony. The marmosets were all infected with ureaplasmas in the upper respiratory tract. Mycoplasma salivarium was isolated from this site in several animals. There was no evidence to indicate that cross-infection had occurred between the animal technicians and the marmosets, except in one possible case of candidiasis.
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory/microbiology , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Callitrichinae/microbiology , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Animals , Bordetella/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Female , Haplorhini , Humans , Male , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Ureaplasma/isolation & purification , ZoonosesABSTRACT
Unfortunately, only successes tend to be published, so we are denied knowledge of partial successes and failures regarding SPF unit breakdowns. If more workers were prepared to be open about their partial successes, a combination of various techniques are appropriate to the case, could prove to be most successful. Each SPF colony is different and must be considered on its merits, nature of contamination, species and strains of animals and so on, but it would seem that caesarian derivation is not now always the only course of action.
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Animals, Laboratory/microbiology , Germ-Free Life , Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms , Animals , Animals, Laboratory/parasitology , Drug Therapy , VaccinationABSTRACT
Analyses of marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) milk were carried out to determine values for crude protein, lactose, total lipids, major minerals, and osmotic pressure. Mean values were (g/100 ml): protein, 3.6; lactose, 7.5; total lipids, 7.7; minerals (mg/100 ml): sodium, 21.4; potassium, 54.3; calcium, 92.2; phosphorus, 22.8; magnesium, 5.0; chloride, 52.2; osmotic pressure, 354 mosm/kg water. Similar analyses were conducted on 2 milk substitutes used in hand-rearing programmes. Fatty acid analyses were carried out on natural milk, the milk substitutes, and the marmoset diet. For hand-rearing C. jacchus it is recommended that a human milk substitute is modified by increasing the levels of protein, carbohydrate, and total lipids, and that a small amount of fish oil is added.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed/analysis , Callitrichinae/metabolism , Fatty Acids/analysis , Milk/analysis , Animals , Female , Lactose/analysis , Lipids/analysis , Milk Proteins/analysis , Oleic Acids/analysis , Palmitic Acids/analysis , Stearic Acids/analysisABSTRACT
The establishment of 3 specified-pathogen-free marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) during the period May 1969 to January 1973 is described. A brief history of the conventional breeding colony from which the animals were derived is given and hysterotomy and hand-rearing techniques are described.