ABSTRACT
A homicidal shooting with an air gun is reported. The history, mechanisms of action, and crime scene implications of air guns are discussed. The wounds produced by air guns are compared to those produced by powder firearms.
Subject(s)
Air , Homicide , Thoracic Injuries/pathology , Weapons , Wounds, Penetrating/pathology , Child , Forensic Pathology , Hemothorax/pathology , Humans , Male , Thoracic Injuries/etiology , Wounds, Penetrating/etiologyABSTRACT
Metabolic alterations are a key player involved in the onset of Alzheimer disease pathophysiology and, in this review, we focus on diet, metabolic rate, and neuronal size differences that have all been shown to play etiological and pathological roles in Alzheimer disease. Specifically, one of the earliest manifestations of brain metabolic depression in these patients is a sustained high caloric intake meaning that general diet is an important factor to take in account. Moreover, atrophy in the vasculature and a reduced glucose transporter activity for the vessels is also a common feature in Alzheimer disease. Finally, the overall size of neurons is larger in cases of Alzheimer disease than that of age-matched controls and, in individuals with Alzheimer disease, neuronal size inversely correlates with disease duration and positively associates with oxidative stress. Overall, clarifying cellular and molecular manifestations involved in metabolic alterations may contribute to a better understanding of early Alzheimer disease pathophysiology.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Metabolic Diseases/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Adult , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Brain Chemistry/physiology , Cell Size , Diet , Energy Intake , Humans , Middle Aged , Neurons/pathologyABSTRACT
Two cases of suicidal electrocution are presented: one using a household lamp, the other using a homemade electrocution machine. The mechanisms of death and the histologic changes in electrocution are discussed.
Subject(s)
Electric Injuries/pathology , Suicide , Adult , Aged , Baths , Depression/psychology , Forensic Medicine , Humans , Male , Schizophrenic PsychologyABSTRACT
Most studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have focused on a single precipitating alteration as the etiological event rather than global changes closely linked to aging. Recent evidence suggests that the most significant of these global changes are metabolic. Here we present data indicating that metabolic rate, nutrition, and neuronal size are all early indicators of AD. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis for these changes may open a new dimension to understanding AD.
